Delaying the first dose of antiseizure medication in children with status epilepticus will likely prolong the condition, according a report published in Epilepsy Research.

• Investigators from the Division of Child Neurology at Children’s National Health System in Washington, DC, evaluated the timing and selection of antiseizure medication in children presenting at a pediatric emergency department.
• Among 141 patients with status epilepticus (SE), median age 45 months, SE lasted 61.5 min (median).
• Median time to receipt of the first dose of antiseizure drug was 25 min.
• Ninety two percent of patients received a benzodiazepine as the first drug.
• A benzodiazepine was the second dose antiseizure medication in 95% of patients.
• Among patients who received the first dose of medication in less than 5 minutes, seizures lasted 59.5 min (median) while children who did not receive their first dose for an hour or more after seizure experienced a duration of 151.5 min.

Cohen NT, Chamberlain JM, Gaillard WD. Timing and selection of first antiseizure medication in patients with pediatric status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res. 2019;149:21-25.

Delaying the first dose of antiseizure medication in children with status epilepticus will likely prolong the condition, according a report published in Epilepsy Research.

• Investigators from the Division of Child Neurology at Children’s National Health System in Washington, DC, evaluated the timing and selection of antiseizure medication in children presenting at a pediatric emergency department.
• Among 141 patients with status epilepticus (SE), median age 45 months, SE lasted 61.5 min (median).
• Median time to receipt of the first dose of antiseizure drug was 25 min.
• Ninety two percent of patients received a benzodiazepine as the first drug.
• A benzodiazepine was the second dose antiseizure medication in 95% of patients.
• Among patients who received the first dose of medication in less than 5 minutes, seizures lasted 59.5 min (median) while children who did not receive their first dose for an hour or more after seizure experienced a duration of 151.5 min.

Cohen NT, Chamberlain JM, Gaillard WD. Timing and selection of first antiseizure medication in patients with pediatric status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res. 2019;149:21-25.

Delaying the first dose of antiseizure medication in children with status epilepticus will likely prolong the condition, according a report published in Epilepsy Research.

• Investigators from the Division of Child Neurology at Children’s National Health System in Washington, DC, evaluated the timing and selection of antiseizure medication in children presenting at a pediatric emergency department.
• Among 141 patients with status epilepticus (SE), median age 45 months, SE lasted 61.5 min (median).
• Median time to receipt of the first dose of antiseizure drug was 25 min.
• Ninety two percent of patients received a benzodiazepine as the first drug.
• A benzodiazepine was the second dose antiseizure medication in 95% of patients.
• Among patients who received the first dose of medication in less than 5 minutes, seizures lasted 59.5 min (median) while children who did not receive their first dose for an hour or more after seizure experienced a duration of 151.5 min.

Cohen NT, Chamberlain JM, Gaillard WD. Timing and selection of first antiseizure medication in patients with pediatric status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res. 2019;149:21-25.

Men and women with cancer may derive a similar survival benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, results of a recent meta-analysis suggest.

Both men and women had an overall survival benefit from immunotherapy versus standard of care therapy, with no significant difference between the sexes, according to authors of this meta-analysis, which included 23 randomized clinical trials comprising nearly 14,000 patients.

The findings, reported in JAMA Oncology, contrast with those of another recent analysis, which suggested that men had a greater advantage of receiving immunotherapy versus standard of care than women did.

“We found no evidence that sex should be considered when deciding whether to offer immunotherapy to patients with advanced cancers,” said Christopher J.D. Wallis, MD, PhD, of the University of Toronto, and his coauthors said in their report.

The present meta-analysis was based on a “more contemporary and comprehensive” literature search strategy than the earlier one, according to Dr. Wallis and his coinvestigators.

Specifically, they considered immunotherapy agents not included in the previous analysis, added seven new studies published since the previous analysis, and excluded three trials that compared immunotherapy agents, rather than comparing immunotherapy with standard of care, they explained in their report.

Their resulting meta-analysis included a total of 9,322 men and 4,399 women, most of whom were in their 70s. Overall, they found that immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy offered a statistically significant overall survival advantage versus standard systemic therapy, with a hazard ratio of 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.81; P less than .001).

That overall survival advantage was found for both men, with a hazard ratio of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.69-0.81; P less than .001) and women, at 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67-0.88; P = .002), investigators further reported. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival advantage between men and women, both overall (P = 0.60) and in subgroup analyses that accounted for tumor type, line of treatment, and prevalence of women in the study.

The previous meta-analysis, published in the Lancet, found an overall survival hazard ratio of 0.72 for men receiving checkpoint inhibitors and 0.86 for women receiving checkpoint inhibitors (P = .0019), prompting those investigators to conclude that the magnitude of benefit was sex-dependent and that different immunotherapeutic approaches may be needed for men versus women.

“The present meta-analysis provides a more specific assessment of the research question while including a greater number of immunotherapy agents and an updated search,” Dr. Wallis and his coauthors said in a discussion of their more recent findings.

Dr. Wallis reported no disclosures related to the study. Study coauthors provided disclosures related to Merck, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Illumina, Tempus, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Fate, Incyte, MedImmune, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Xcovery, Fate Therapeutics, Genocea, and Iovance.
 

SOURCE: Wallis CJD et al. JAMA Oncol. 2019 Jan 3. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5904.

Men and women with cancer may derive a similar survival benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, results of a recent meta-analysis suggest.

Both men and women had an overall survival benefit from immunotherapy versus standard of care therapy, with no significant difference between the sexes, according to authors of this meta-analysis, which included 23 randomized clinical trials comprising nearly 14,000 patients.

The findings, reported in JAMA Oncology, contrast with those of another recent analysis, which suggested that men had a greater advantage of receiving immunotherapy versus standard of care than women did.

“We found no evidence that sex should be considered when deciding whether to offer immunotherapy to patients with advanced cancers,” said Christopher J.D. Wallis, MD, PhD, of the University of Toronto, and his coauthors said in their report.

The present meta-analysis was based on a “more contemporary and comprehensive” literature search strategy than the earlier one, according to Dr. Wallis and his coinvestigators.

Specifically, they considered immunotherapy agents not included in the previous analysis, added seven new studies published since the previous analysis, and excluded three trials that compared immunotherapy agents, rather than comparing immunotherapy with standard of care, they explained in their report.

Their resulting meta-analysis included a total of 9,322 men and 4,399 women, most of whom were in their 70s. Overall, they found that immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy offered a statistically significant overall survival advantage versus standard systemic therapy, with a hazard ratio of 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.81; P less than .001).

That overall survival advantage was found for both men, with a hazard ratio of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.69-0.81; P less than .001) and women, at 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67-0.88; P = .002), investigators further reported. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival advantage between men and women, both overall (P = 0.60) and in subgroup analyses that accounted for tumor type, line of treatment, and prevalence of women in the study.

The previous meta-analysis, published in the Lancet, found an overall survival hazard ratio of 0.72 for men receiving checkpoint inhibitors and 0.86 for women receiving checkpoint inhibitors (P = .0019), prompting those investigators to conclude that the magnitude of benefit was sex-dependent and that different immunotherapeutic approaches may be needed for men versus women.

“The present meta-analysis provides a more specific assessment of the research question while including a greater number of immunotherapy agents and an updated search,” Dr. Wallis and his coauthors said in a discussion of their more recent findings.

Dr. Wallis reported no disclosures related to the study. Study coauthors provided disclosures related to Merck, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Illumina, Tempus, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Fate, Incyte, MedImmune, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Xcovery, Fate Therapeutics, Genocea, and Iovance.
 

SOURCE: Wallis CJD et al. JAMA Oncol. 2019 Jan 3. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5904.

Men and women with cancer may derive a similar survival benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, results of a recent meta-analysis suggest.

Both men and women had an overall survival benefit from immunotherapy versus standard of care therapy, with no significant difference between the sexes, according to authors of this meta-analysis, which included 23 randomized clinical trials comprising nearly 14,000 patients.

The findings, reported in JAMA Oncology, contrast with those of another recent analysis, which suggested that men had a greater advantage of receiving immunotherapy versus standard of care than women did.

“We found no evidence that sex should be considered when deciding whether to offer immunotherapy to patients with advanced cancers,” said Christopher J.D. Wallis, MD, PhD, of the University of Toronto, and his coauthors said in their report.

The present meta-analysis was based on a “more contemporary and comprehensive” literature search strategy than the earlier one, according to Dr. Wallis and his coinvestigators.

Specifically, they considered immunotherapy agents not included in the previous analysis, added seven new studies published since the previous analysis, and excluded three trials that compared immunotherapy agents, rather than comparing immunotherapy with standard of care, they explained in their report.

Their resulting meta-analysis included a total of 9,322 men and 4,399 women, most of whom were in their 70s. Overall, they found that immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy offered a statistically significant overall survival advantage versus standard systemic therapy, with a hazard ratio of 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.81; P less than .001).

That overall survival advantage was found for both men, with a hazard ratio of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.69-0.81; P less than .001) and women, at 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67-0.88; P = .002), investigators further reported. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival advantage between men and women, both overall (P = 0.60) and in subgroup analyses that accounted for tumor type, line of treatment, and prevalence of women in the study.

The previous meta-analysis, published in the Lancet, found an overall survival hazard ratio of 0.72 for men receiving checkpoint inhibitors and 0.86 for women receiving checkpoint inhibitors (P = .0019), prompting those investigators to conclude that the magnitude of benefit was sex-dependent and that different immunotherapeutic approaches may be needed for men versus women.

“The present meta-analysis provides a more specific assessment of the research question while including a greater number of immunotherapy agents and an updated search,” Dr. Wallis and his coauthors said in a discussion of their more recent findings.

Dr. Wallis reported no disclosures related to the study. Study coauthors provided disclosures related to Merck, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Illumina, Tempus, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Fate, Incyte, MedImmune, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Xcovery, Fate Therapeutics, Genocea, and Iovance.
 

SOURCE: Wallis CJD et al. JAMA Oncol. 2019 Jan 3. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5904.

Students and trainees can get financial help to attend the Vascular Annual Meeting in June. The Society for Vascular Surgery distributes dozens of travel scholarships to attend VAM, which is the perfect opportunity to meet other students as well as other members and leaders of the vascular surgical community. Recipients are eligible to receive complimentary meeting registration plus a travel scholarship. Two award categories are available, the General Surgery Resident/Medical Student Travel Scholarship and the Diversity Medical Student Travel Scholarship. Apply today.

Students and trainees can get financial help to attend the Vascular Annual Meeting in June. The Society for Vascular Surgery distributes dozens of travel scholarships to attend VAM, which is the perfect opportunity to meet other students as well as other members and leaders of the vascular surgical community. Recipients are eligible to receive complimentary meeting registration plus a travel scholarship. Two award categories are available, the General Surgery Resident/Medical Student Travel Scholarship and the Diversity Medical Student Travel Scholarship. Apply today.

Students and trainees can get financial help to attend the Vascular Annual Meeting in June. The Society for Vascular Surgery distributes dozens of travel scholarships to attend VAM, which is the perfect opportunity to meet other students as well as other members and leaders of the vascular surgical community. Recipients are eligible to receive complimentary meeting registration plus a travel scholarship. Two award categories are available, the General Surgery Resident/Medical Student Travel Scholarship and the Diversity Medical Student Travel Scholarship. Apply today.

The SVS has a section dedicated solely to vascular physician assistants. All surgeons are encouraged to urge their PAs to join the section. This “professional home” for PAs has grown to 138 members in just one short year and more are always welcome. Benefits include PA-specific education at the Vascular Annual Meeting, leadership development, networking and mentoring opportunities, discounts on SVS events and our JVS subscription and more. Membership applications are processes quarterly. 2019 deadlines are March 1, June 1, Sep. 1 and Dec. 1. Learn more about the PA Section here.

The SVS has a section dedicated solely to vascular physician assistants. All surgeons are encouraged to urge their PAs to join the section. This “professional home” for PAs has grown to 138 members in just one short year and more are always welcome. Benefits include PA-specific education at the Vascular Annual Meeting, leadership development, networking and mentoring opportunities, discounts on SVS events and our JVS subscription and more. Membership applications are processes quarterly. 2019 deadlines are March 1, June 1, Sep. 1 and Dec. 1. Learn more about the PA Section here.

The SVS has a section dedicated solely to vascular physician assistants. All surgeons are encouraged to urge their PAs to join the section. This “professional home” for PAs has grown to 138 members in just one short year and more are always welcome. Benefits include PA-specific education at the Vascular Annual Meeting, leadership development, networking and mentoring opportunities, discounts on SVS events and our JVS subscription and more. Membership applications are processes quarterly. 2019 deadlines are March 1, June 1, Sep. 1 and Dec. 1. Learn more about the PA Section here.

Patients with hypertension who show substantial progression of cerebral small vessel disease have a sixfold higher odds of developing mild cognitive impairment compared with similar patients who do not have signs of progression. Also today, antidepressants are tied to greater hip fracture incidence, a hospital readmission reduction program may be doing more harm than good, and the flu season rages on with 19 states showing high activity in the final week of 2018.

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Patients with hypertension who show substantial progression of cerebral small vessel disease have a sixfold higher odds of developing mild cognitive impairment compared with similar patients who do not have signs of progression. Also today, antidepressants are tied to greater hip fracture incidence, a hospital readmission reduction program may be doing more harm than good, and the flu season rages on with 19 states showing high activity in the final week of 2018.

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Apple Podcasts
Google Podcasts
Spotify
 

Patients with hypertension who show substantial progression of cerebral small vessel disease have a sixfold higher odds of developing mild cognitive impairment compared with similar patients who do not have signs of progression. Also today, antidepressants are tied to greater hip fracture incidence, a hospital readmission reduction program may be doing more harm than good, and the flu season rages on with 19 states showing high activity in the final week of 2018.

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Apple Podcasts
Google Podcasts
Spotify
 

This year, the Society for Vascular Surgery will recognize a member in community practice who excels, leads and contributes. If you know of such a surgeon, make your nominations for the SVS Excellence in Community Service Award by Feb. 1. The first recipient will be announced at the 2019 Vascular Annual Meeting in June. Applicants must have a minimum of 20 years as a practicing vascular surgeon and a minimum of five years as an SVS member. Learn more about the award here.

This year, the Society for Vascular Surgery will recognize a member in community practice who excels, leads and contributes. If you know of such a surgeon, make your nominations for the SVS Excellence in Community Service Award by Feb. 1. The first recipient will be announced at the 2019 Vascular Annual Meeting in June. Applicants must have a minimum of 20 years as a practicing vascular surgeon and a minimum of five years as an SVS member. Learn more about the award here.

This year, the Society for Vascular Surgery will recognize a member in community practice who excels, leads and contributes. If you know of such a surgeon, make your nominations for the SVS Excellence in Community Service Award by Feb. 1. The first recipient will be announced at the 2019 Vascular Annual Meeting in June. Applicants must have a minimum of 20 years as a practicing vascular surgeon and a minimum of five years as an SVS member. Learn more about the award here.

Here are 5 articles from the January issue of Clinician Reviews (individual articles are valid for one year from date of publication—expiration dates below):

1. Can ultrasound screening improve survival in ovarian cancer?

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2Vtuc8F
Expires October 17, 2019

2. Higher BMI associated with greater loss of gray matter volume in MS

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2ArvFDp
Expires October 29, 2019

3. Psoriasis adds to increased risk of cardiovascular procedures, surgery in patients with hypertension

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2sbnkiS
Expires October 31, 2019

4. Fever, intestinal symptoms may delay diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in children

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2RdPoBi
Expires October 31, 2019

5. Rate of STIs is rising, and many U.S. teens are sexually active

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2CPuYFW
Expires November 8, 2019

Here are 5 articles from the January issue of Clinician Reviews (individual articles are valid for one year from date of publication—expiration dates below):

1. Can ultrasound screening improve survival in ovarian cancer?

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2Vtuc8F
Expires October 17, 2019

2. Higher BMI associated with greater loss of gray matter volume in MS

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2ArvFDp
Expires October 29, 2019

3. Psoriasis adds to increased risk of cardiovascular procedures, surgery in patients with hypertension

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2sbnkiS
Expires October 31, 2019

4. Fever, intestinal symptoms may delay diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in children

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2RdPoBi
Expires October 31, 2019

5. Rate of STIs is rising, and many U.S. teens are sexually active

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2CPuYFW
Expires November 8, 2019

Here are 5 articles from the January issue of Clinician Reviews (individual articles are valid for one year from date of publication—expiration dates below):

1. Can ultrasound screening improve survival in ovarian cancer?

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2Vtuc8F
Expires October 17, 2019

2. Higher BMI associated with greater loss of gray matter volume in MS

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2ArvFDp
Expires October 29, 2019

3. Psoriasis adds to increased risk of cardiovascular procedures, surgery in patients with hypertension

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2sbnkiS
Expires October 31, 2019

4. Fever, intestinal symptoms may delay diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in children

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2RdPoBi
Expires October 31, 2019

5. Rate of STIs is rising, and many U.S. teens are sexually active

To take the posttest, go to: https://bit.ly/2CPuYFW
Expires November 8, 2019

The effects of the flu became much more widespread in the last full week of 2018 as the number of states with a high level of influenza activity more than doubled from the week before, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

A total of 19 states were in the high range (8-10) on the CDC’s 1-10 scale of influenza-like illness (ILI) activity for the week ending Dec. 29, compared with 9 states the week before, the CDC’s influenza division reported Jan. 4. Of those 19 most-affected states, 12 were at level 10, 1 was at level 9, and 6 were at level 8. Geographic distribution of the virus was reported to be widespread in 24 states, the CDC said.

The proportion of outpatient visits for ILI – defined as fever (temperature of 100° F or greater) and cough and/or sore throat – rose to 4.1% for the week, which was up from 3.3% the previous week and well above the national baseline of 2.2%.

“The increase in the percentage of patient visits for ILI may be influenced in part by a reduction in routine health care visits during the winter holidays,” the report noted. There were 38 influenza deaths reported for the most recent week with available data (the week ending Dec. 22), although reporting for that week was just over 54% complete as of Jan. 4. For the previous weeks, 39 flu-related deaths occurred during the week ending Dec. 15 (reporting 84% complete) and 43 deaths during the week ending Dec. 8 (reporting 94% complete). For the respective weeks of last year’s flu season, total deaths were 359, 165, and 118, CDC data show.

For the week ending Dec. 29, two pediatric deaths were reported, one of which occurred the week before. For the 2018-2019 season so far, 13 flu-related pediatric deaths have been reported, the CDC said.

[email protected]

The effects of the flu became much more widespread in the last full week of 2018 as the number of states with a high level of influenza activity more than doubled from the week before, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

A total of 19 states were in the high range (8-10) on the CDC’s 1-10 scale of influenza-like illness (ILI) activity for the week ending Dec. 29, compared with 9 states the week before, the CDC’s influenza division reported Jan. 4. Of those 19 most-affected states, 12 were at level 10, 1 was at level 9, and 6 were at level 8. Geographic distribution of the virus was reported to be widespread in 24 states, the CDC said.

The proportion of outpatient visits for ILI – defined as fever (temperature of 100° F or greater) and cough and/or sore throat – rose to 4.1% for the week, which was up from 3.3% the previous week and well above the national baseline of 2.2%.

“The increase in the percentage of patient visits for ILI may be influenced in part by a reduction in routine health care visits during the winter holidays,” the report noted. There were 38 influenza deaths reported for the most recent week with available data (the week ending Dec. 22), although reporting for that week was just over 54% complete as of Jan. 4. For the previous weeks, 39 flu-related deaths occurred during the week ending Dec. 15 (reporting 84% complete) and 43 deaths during the week ending Dec. 8 (reporting 94% complete). For the respective weeks of last year’s flu season, total deaths were 359, 165, and 118, CDC data show.

For the week ending Dec. 29, two pediatric deaths were reported, one of which occurred the week before. For the 2018-2019 season so far, 13 flu-related pediatric deaths have been reported, the CDC said.

[email protected]

The effects of the flu became much more widespread in the last full week of 2018 as the number of states with a high level of influenza activity more than doubled from the week before, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

A total of 19 states were in the high range (8-10) on the CDC’s 1-10 scale of influenza-like illness (ILI) activity for the week ending Dec. 29, compared with 9 states the week before, the CDC’s influenza division reported Jan. 4. Of those 19 most-affected states, 12 were at level 10, 1 was at level 9, and 6 were at level 8. Geographic distribution of the virus was reported to be widespread in 24 states, the CDC said.

The proportion of outpatient visits for ILI – defined as fever (temperature of 100° F or greater) and cough and/or sore throat – rose to 4.1% for the week, which was up from 3.3% the previous week and well above the national baseline of 2.2%.

“The increase in the percentage of patient visits for ILI may be influenced in part by a reduction in routine health care visits during the winter holidays,” the report noted. There were 38 influenza deaths reported for the most recent week with available data (the week ending Dec. 22), although reporting for that week was just over 54% complete as of Jan. 4. For the previous weeks, 39 flu-related deaths occurred during the week ending Dec. 15 (reporting 84% complete) and 43 deaths during the week ending Dec. 8 (reporting 94% complete). For the respective weeks of last year’s flu season, total deaths were 359, 165, and 118, CDC data show.

For the week ending Dec. 29, two pediatric deaths were reported, one of which occurred the week before. For the 2018-2019 season so far, 13 flu-related pediatric deaths have been reported, the CDC said.

[email protected]

A Medicare program aimed at lowering readmissions to hospitals could be having an adverse effect on mortality.

Copyright Kimberly Pack/Thinkstock

Results from a retrospective cohort study of hospitalizations for heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and pneumonia among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2015 (covering the period before and after the Medicare Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program was announced in April 2010 and implemented in October 2012) found a significant increase in 30-day post discharge mortality among heart failure and pneumonia patients.

“Most concerning, however, is the possibility that the relationship between the HRRP and postdischarge mortality for heart failure and pneumonia is causal, indicating that the HRRP led to changes in quality of care that adversely affected patients,” Rishi Wadhera, MD, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and his colleagues wrote in a report published Dec. 25, 2018, in JAMA.

They looked at 8.3 million hospitalizations for heart failure, acute MI, and pneumonia, among whom 7.9 million were alive at the time of discharge. There were roughly 270,000 deaths within 30 days of discharge for heart failure; 128,000 for acute MI; and 246,000 for pneumonia.

To examine trends, the timing was divided into four periods: two prior to the announcement of the HRRP (April 2005–September 2007 and October 2007–March 2010); a third covering the time when the HRRP was announced (April 2010–September 2012); and the fourth when HRRP was implemented (October 2012–March 2015).

They found that among patients discharged with heart failure, 30-day mortality was rising even before the announcement of the HRRP, by 0.27% from the first period to the second period. That baseline trend continued when the HRRP was announced, by 0.49%, from second period to third. The difference in change between those periods was 0.22%. After implementation, 30-day mortality increased by 0.52%, with a difference in change from the third period of 0.25%. Both changes were statistically significant.

Among pneumonia patients, postdischarge mortality was stable before HRRP, but significantly increased after HRRP announcement, by 0.26%, with a difference in change from the second period to the third period of 0.22%. After implementation, the 30-day postdischarge mortality was 0.44%, with a significant difference in change of 0.40%.

Acute MI was a different story. Postdischarge mortality decreased significantly after the implementation of the HRRP, by 0.22%. The difference in change was –0.26%.

The authors suggested that “some hospitals may have focused more resources and efforts on reducing or avoiding readmissions than on prioritizing survival.” They add that the increases in heart failure morbidity could be related to patients with more severe heart conditions.

They noted that “although hospitals that reduce readmissions also appear to reduce mortality, this hospital-level concordance does not reflect the change in readmissions and mortality at the level of the patient population, which is arguably of greater importance to individual patients and to public health.”

Further research is needed to understand whether the increase in 30-day postdischarge mortality is a result of the HRRP, the authors concluded.

[email protected]

SOURCE: Wadhera R et al. JAMA. 2018 Dec 25. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.19232.

A Medicare program aimed at lowering readmissions to hospitals could be having an adverse effect on mortality.

Copyright Kimberly Pack/Thinkstock

Results from a retrospective cohort study of hospitalizations for heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and pneumonia among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2015 (covering the period before and after the Medicare Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program was announced in April 2010 and implemented in October 2012) found a significant increase in 30-day post discharge mortality among heart failure and pneumonia patients.

“Most concerning, however, is the possibility that the relationship between the HRRP and postdischarge mortality for heart failure and pneumonia is causal, indicating that the HRRP led to changes in quality of care that adversely affected patients,” Rishi Wadhera, MD, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and his colleagues wrote in a report published Dec. 25, 2018, in JAMA.

They looked at 8.3 million hospitalizations for heart failure, acute MI, and pneumonia, among whom 7.9 million were alive at the time of discharge. There were roughly 270,000 deaths within 30 days of discharge for heart failure; 128,000 for acute MI; and 246,000 for pneumonia.

To examine trends, the timing was divided into four periods: two prior to the announcement of the HRRP (April 2005–September 2007 and October 2007–March 2010); a third covering the time when the HRRP was announced (April 2010–September 2012); and the fourth when HRRP was implemented (October 2012–March 2015).

They found that among patients discharged with heart failure, 30-day mortality was rising even before the announcement of the HRRP, by 0.27% from the first period to the second period. That baseline trend continued when the HRRP was announced, by 0.49%, from second period to third. The difference in change between those periods was 0.22%. After implementation, 30-day mortality increased by 0.52%, with a difference in change from the third period of 0.25%. Both changes were statistically significant.

Among pneumonia patients, postdischarge mortality was stable before HRRP, but significantly increased after HRRP announcement, by 0.26%, with a difference in change from the second period to the third period of 0.22%. After implementation, the 30-day postdischarge mortality was 0.44%, with a significant difference in change of 0.40%.

Acute MI was a different story. Postdischarge mortality decreased significantly after the implementation of the HRRP, by 0.22%. The difference in change was –0.26%.

The authors suggested that “some hospitals may have focused more resources and efforts on reducing or avoiding readmissions than on prioritizing survival.” They add that the increases in heart failure morbidity could be related to patients with more severe heart conditions.

They noted that “although hospitals that reduce readmissions also appear to reduce mortality, this hospital-level concordance does not reflect the change in readmissions and mortality at the level of the patient population, which is arguably of greater importance to individual patients and to public health.”

Further research is needed to understand whether the increase in 30-day postdischarge mortality is a result of the HRRP, the authors concluded.

[email protected]

SOURCE: Wadhera R et al. JAMA. 2018 Dec 25. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.19232.

A Medicare program aimed at lowering readmissions to hospitals could be having an adverse effect on mortality.

Copyright Kimberly Pack/Thinkstock

Results from a retrospective cohort study of hospitalizations for heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and pneumonia among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2015 (covering the period before and after the Medicare Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program was announced in April 2010 and implemented in October 2012) found a significant increase in 30-day post discharge mortality among heart failure and pneumonia patients.

“Most concerning, however, is the possibility that the relationship between the HRRP and postdischarge mortality for heart failure and pneumonia is causal, indicating that the HRRP led to changes in quality of care that adversely affected patients,” Rishi Wadhera, MD, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and his colleagues wrote in a report published Dec. 25, 2018, in JAMA.

They looked at 8.3 million hospitalizations for heart failure, acute MI, and pneumonia, among whom 7.9 million were alive at the time of discharge. There were roughly 270,000 deaths within 30 days of discharge for heart failure; 128,000 for acute MI; and 246,000 for pneumonia.

To examine trends, the timing was divided into four periods: two prior to the announcement of the HRRP (April 2005–September 2007 and October 2007–March 2010); a third covering the time when the HRRP was announced (April 2010–September 2012); and the fourth when HRRP was implemented (October 2012–March 2015).

They found that among patients discharged with heart failure, 30-day mortality was rising even before the announcement of the HRRP, by 0.27% from the first period to the second period. That baseline trend continued when the HRRP was announced, by 0.49%, from second period to third. The difference in change between those periods was 0.22%. After implementation, 30-day mortality increased by 0.52%, with a difference in change from the third period of 0.25%. Both changes were statistically significant.

Among pneumonia patients, postdischarge mortality was stable before HRRP, but significantly increased after HRRP announcement, by 0.26%, with a difference in change from the second period to the third period of 0.22%. After implementation, the 30-day postdischarge mortality was 0.44%, with a significant difference in change of 0.40%.

Acute MI was a different story. Postdischarge mortality decreased significantly after the implementation of the HRRP, by 0.22%. The difference in change was –0.26%.

The authors suggested that “some hospitals may have focused more resources and efforts on reducing or avoiding readmissions than on prioritizing survival.” They add that the increases in heart failure morbidity could be related to patients with more severe heart conditions.

They noted that “although hospitals that reduce readmissions also appear to reduce mortality, this hospital-level concordance does not reflect the change in readmissions and mortality at the level of the patient population, which is arguably of greater importance to individual patients and to public health.”

Further research is needed to understand whether the increase in 30-day postdischarge mortality is a result of the HRRP, the authors concluded.

[email protected]

SOURCE: Wadhera R et al. JAMA. 2018 Dec 25. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.19232.

SAN DIEGO – Research into hundreds of babies with Down syndrome is providing valuable insight into the genetic roots of leukemia and offering a route to identify newborns at high risk.

“We can now identify children at high risk of developing myeloid leukemia within 4 years” through blood or genetic tests, Irene Roberts, MD, a pediatric hematologist at the University of Oxford’s (England) MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, said at the annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology.

About 2%-3% of children with Down syndrome will develop acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), according to the National Cancer Institute, rates that are much higher than in the general population.

Research suggests that among children aged 0-4 years with Down syndrome, the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of AML is 114, compared with other children, Dr. Roberts said. The SIR of ALL is 27 in children aged 1-4 years, she said.

For people with Down syndrome aged 0-60 years, the SIRs are 12 and 13 in AML and ALL, respectively, she said.

In her presentation, Dr. Roberts focused on AML that appears before age 4 years and is preceded by a neonatal preleukemia – transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) – that only occurs in Down syndrome. In most cases, TAM, which occurs with GATA1 mutations, resolves on its own after birth, she said. But in others, the GATA1 mutations continue and cause AML to develop.

Dr. Roberts highlighted her institution’s Oxford Down Syndrome Cohort Study and offered an update to a 2013 report (Blood. 2013 Dec 5;122[24]:3908–17). The study recruited 471 neonates with Down syndrome and followed them for up to 4 years: 341 with no GATA1 mutation and 130 (28%) with the mutation. Dr. Roberts called the latter number a “very high frequency.”

Of those with the mutation, 7 patients (5%) developed AML at a median age of 16 months. None of those without the mutation developed AML.

Also, among the 130 neonates with the mutation, 42% were considered to have “clinical” TAM (more than 10% blasts) and 58% were considered to have “silent” TAM (fewer than 10% blasts).

“We predicted that these babies with clinical TAM would have more severe clinical disease ... and that in fact turned out to be the case,” Dr. Roberts said.

Why is the GATA1 mutation so significant? Research suggests that platelet production is abnormal in neonates with Down syndrome, compared with neonates without it, regardless of whether they have the mutation, Dr. Roberts said.

The mutation doesn’t reduce further platelet count, but does disrupt megakaryopoiesis – the process of the production of platelets. As a result, giant platelets and megakaryocyte fragments are more common, she explained.

Moving forward, research data can be used to identify which children are most at risk, Dr. Roberts said. Newborns with Down syndrome are more likely to survive without leukemia if they have silent TAM, compared with those who have clinical TAM, and if they have an estimated variant allele frequency above 15%, according to findings from the Oxford study.

Children at high risk of AML before age 4 years can be identified by analyzing the percentage of blasts on a smear and/or by analyzing mutation of GATA1, according to Dr. Roberts. However, this cannot be accomplished by the use of a complete blood count (CBC) test, she said, which is used to check for leukemia.

Dr. Roberts called for the development of more guidelines for screening newborns with Down syndrome for leukemia risk. The British Society for Haematology issued testing guidelines, coauthored by Dr. Roberts, in 2018 (Br J Haematol. 2018 Jul;182[2]:200-11).

Dr. Roberts reported having no financial disclosures.

SAN DIEGO – Research into hundreds of babies with Down syndrome is providing valuable insight into the genetic roots of leukemia and offering a route to identify newborns at high risk.

“We can now identify children at high risk of developing myeloid leukemia within 4 years” through blood or genetic tests, Irene Roberts, MD, a pediatric hematologist at the University of Oxford’s (England) MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, said at the annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology.

About 2%-3% of children with Down syndrome will develop acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), according to the National Cancer Institute, rates that are much higher than in the general population.

Research suggests that among children aged 0-4 years with Down syndrome, the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of AML is 114, compared with other children, Dr. Roberts said. The SIR of ALL is 27 in children aged 1-4 years, she said.

For people with Down syndrome aged 0-60 years, the SIRs are 12 and 13 in AML and ALL, respectively, she said.

In her presentation, Dr. Roberts focused on AML that appears before age 4 years and is preceded by a neonatal preleukemia – transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) – that only occurs in Down syndrome. In most cases, TAM, which occurs with GATA1 mutations, resolves on its own after birth, she said. But in others, the GATA1 mutations continue and cause AML to develop.

Dr. Roberts highlighted her institution’s Oxford Down Syndrome Cohort Study and offered an update to a 2013 report (Blood. 2013 Dec 5;122[24]:3908–17). The study recruited 471 neonates with Down syndrome and followed them for up to 4 years: 341 with no GATA1 mutation and 130 (28%) with the mutation. Dr. Roberts called the latter number a “very high frequency.”

Of those with the mutation, 7 patients (5%) developed AML at a median age of 16 months. None of those without the mutation developed AML.

Also, among the 130 neonates with the mutation, 42% were considered to have “clinical” TAM (more than 10% blasts) and 58% were considered to have “silent” TAM (fewer than 10% blasts).

“We predicted that these babies with clinical TAM would have more severe clinical disease ... and that in fact turned out to be the case,” Dr. Roberts said.

Why is the GATA1 mutation so significant? Research suggests that platelet production is abnormal in neonates with Down syndrome, compared with neonates without it, regardless of whether they have the mutation, Dr. Roberts said.

The mutation doesn’t reduce further platelet count, but does disrupt megakaryopoiesis – the process of the production of platelets. As a result, giant platelets and megakaryocyte fragments are more common, she explained.

Moving forward, research data can be used to identify which children are most at risk, Dr. Roberts said. Newborns with Down syndrome are more likely to survive without leukemia if they have silent TAM, compared with those who have clinical TAM, and if they have an estimated variant allele frequency above 15%, according to findings from the Oxford study.

Children at high risk of AML before age 4 years can be identified by analyzing the percentage of blasts on a smear and/or by analyzing mutation of GATA1, according to Dr. Roberts. However, this cannot be accomplished by the use of a complete blood count (CBC) test, she said, which is used to check for leukemia.

Dr. Roberts called for the development of more guidelines for screening newborns with Down syndrome for leukemia risk. The British Society for Haematology issued testing guidelines, coauthored by Dr. Roberts, in 2018 (Br J Haematol. 2018 Jul;182[2]:200-11).

Dr. Roberts reported having no financial disclosures.

SAN DIEGO – Research into hundreds of babies with Down syndrome is providing valuable insight into the genetic roots of leukemia and offering a route to identify newborns at high risk.

“We can now identify children at high risk of developing myeloid leukemia within 4 years” through blood or genetic tests, Irene Roberts, MD, a pediatric hematologist at the University of Oxford’s (England) MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, said at the annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology.

About 2%-3% of children with Down syndrome will develop acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), according to the National Cancer Institute, rates that are much higher than in the general population.

Research suggests that among children aged 0-4 years with Down syndrome, the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of AML is 114, compared with other children, Dr. Roberts said. The SIR of ALL is 27 in children aged 1-4 years, she said.

For people with Down syndrome aged 0-60 years, the SIRs are 12 and 13 in AML and ALL, respectively, she said.

In her presentation, Dr. Roberts focused on AML that appears before age 4 years and is preceded by a neonatal preleukemia – transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) – that only occurs in Down syndrome. In most cases, TAM, which occurs with GATA1 mutations, resolves on its own after birth, she said. But in others, the GATA1 mutations continue and cause AML to develop.

Dr. Roberts highlighted her institution’s Oxford Down Syndrome Cohort Study and offered an update to a 2013 report (Blood. 2013 Dec 5;122[24]:3908–17). The study recruited 471 neonates with Down syndrome and followed them for up to 4 years: 341 with no GATA1 mutation and 130 (28%) with the mutation. Dr. Roberts called the latter number a “very high frequency.”

Of those with the mutation, 7 patients (5%) developed AML at a median age of 16 months. None of those without the mutation developed AML.

Also, among the 130 neonates with the mutation, 42% were considered to have “clinical” TAM (more than 10% blasts) and 58% were considered to have “silent” TAM (fewer than 10% blasts).

“We predicted that these babies with clinical TAM would have more severe clinical disease ... and that in fact turned out to be the case,” Dr. Roberts said.

Why is the GATA1 mutation so significant? Research suggests that platelet production is abnormal in neonates with Down syndrome, compared with neonates without it, regardless of whether they have the mutation, Dr. Roberts said.

The mutation doesn’t reduce further platelet count, but does disrupt megakaryopoiesis – the process of the production of platelets. As a result, giant platelets and megakaryocyte fragments are more common, she explained.

Moving forward, research data can be used to identify which children are most at risk, Dr. Roberts said. Newborns with Down syndrome are more likely to survive without leukemia if they have silent TAM, compared with those who have clinical TAM, and if they have an estimated variant allele frequency above 15%, according to findings from the Oxford study.

Children at high risk of AML before age 4 years can be identified by analyzing the percentage of blasts on a smear and/or by analyzing mutation of GATA1, according to Dr. Roberts. However, this cannot be accomplished by the use of a complete blood count (CBC) test, she said, which is used to check for leukemia.

Dr. Roberts called for the development of more guidelines for screening newborns with Down syndrome for leukemia risk. The British Society for Haematology issued testing guidelines, coauthored by Dr. Roberts, in 2018 (Br J Haematol. 2018 Jul;182[2]:200-11).

Dr. Roberts reported having no financial disclosures.