Key clinical point: Monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) was significantly associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Major finding: Each 0.1 unit increase in MLR increased the risk for PDR by 46% (adjusted odds ratio 1.46; P = .014), with the effects being stable across different subgroups stratified by age, sex, hemoglobin, and glycated hemoglobin categories.

Study details: Findings are from a cross-sectional study of 367 patients with T2D and diabetic retinopathy, of which 27% were diagnosed with PDR.

Disclosures: This study did not receive any funding. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Wang H et al. Association of monocyte-lymphocyte ratio and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the U.S. population with type 2 diabetes. J Transl Med. 2022;20:219 (May 13). Doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03425-4

Key clinical point: Monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) was significantly associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Major finding: Each 0.1 unit increase in MLR increased the risk for PDR by 46% (adjusted odds ratio 1.46; P = .014), with the effects being stable across different subgroups stratified by age, sex, hemoglobin, and glycated hemoglobin categories.

Study details: Findings are from a cross-sectional study of 367 patients with T2D and diabetic retinopathy, of which 27% were diagnosed with PDR.

Disclosures: This study did not receive any funding. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Wang H et al. Association of monocyte-lymphocyte ratio and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the U.S. population with type 2 diabetes. J Transl Med. 2022;20:219 (May 13). Doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03425-4

Key clinical point: Monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) was significantly associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Major finding: Each 0.1 unit increase in MLR increased the risk for PDR by 46% (adjusted odds ratio 1.46; P = .014), with the effects being stable across different subgroups stratified by age, sex, hemoglobin, and glycated hemoglobin categories.

Study details: Findings are from a cross-sectional study of 367 patients with T2D and diabetic retinopathy, of which 27% were diagnosed with PDR.

Disclosures: This study did not receive any funding. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Wang H et al. Association of monocyte-lymphocyte ratio and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the U.S. population with type 2 diabetes. J Transl Med. 2022;20:219 (May 13). Doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03425-4

Key clinical point: Greater glycemic variability measured as the coefficient of variation for glucose (%CV) level was associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a well-controlled glucose status.

Major finding: Compared with patients with a %CV level of ≤20%, those with a %CV level of 20%-25% (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.16; 95% CI 0.78-1.73), 25%-30% (aHR 1.38; 95% CI 0.89-2.15), 30%-35% (aHR 1.33; 95% CI 0.77-2.29), and >35% (aHR 2.26; 95% CI 1.13-4.52) had a higher risk for all-cause mortality.

Study details: This study was a part of the INDIGO study including 1839 patients with T2D who reached continuous glucose monitoring glycemic targets and were classified into five groups by %CV level.

Disclosures: This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and others. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Mo Y et al. Impact of short-term glycemic variability on risk of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes patients with well-controlled glucose profile by continuous glucose monitoring: A prospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;189:109940 (Jun 1). Doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109940

Key clinical point: Greater glycemic variability measured as the coefficient of variation for glucose (%CV) level was associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a well-controlled glucose status.

Major finding: Compared with patients with a %CV level of ≤20%, those with a %CV level of 20%-25% (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.16; 95% CI 0.78-1.73), 25%-30% (aHR 1.38; 95% CI 0.89-2.15), 30%-35% (aHR 1.33; 95% CI 0.77-2.29), and >35% (aHR 2.26; 95% CI 1.13-4.52) had a higher risk for all-cause mortality.

Study details: This study was a part of the INDIGO study including 1839 patients with T2D who reached continuous glucose monitoring glycemic targets and were classified into five groups by %CV level.

Disclosures: This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and others. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Mo Y et al. Impact of short-term glycemic variability on risk of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes patients with well-controlled glucose profile by continuous glucose monitoring: A prospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;189:109940 (Jun 1). Doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109940

Key clinical point: Greater glycemic variability measured as the coefficient of variation for glucose (%CV) level was associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a well-controlled glucose status.

Major finding: Compared with patients with a %CV level of ≤20%, those with a %CV level of 20%-25% (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.16; 95% CI 0.78-1.73), 25%-30% (aHR 1.38; 95% CI 0.89-2.15), 30%-35% (aHR 1.33; 95% CI 0.77-2.29), and >35% (aHR 2.26; 95% CI 1.13-4.52) had a higher risk for all-cause mortality.

Study details: This study was a part of the INDIGO study including 1839 patients with T2D who reached continuous glucose monitoring glycemic targets and were classified into five groups by %CV level.

Disclosures: This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and others. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Mo Y et al. Impact of short-term glycemic variability on risk of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes patients with well-controlled glucose profile by continuous glucose monitoring: A prospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;189:109940 (Jun 1). Doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109940

Key clinical point: Addition of low-dose (0.25 mg/day) vs. standard-dose (0.5 mg/day) lobeglitazone to metformin plus dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) therapy led to noninferior glucose lowering effects and fewer adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Major finding: At week 24, the mean glycated hemoglobin level in the low-dose vs. standard-dose lobeglitazone group was 6.87% ± 0.54% vs. 6.68% ±0 .46%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 0.18% (95% Cl 0.017%-0.345%) showing noninferiority of the low-dose to standard-dose treatment. Treatment-emergent adverse events were more frequent in the standard-dose vs. low-dose group.

Study details: This was a phase 4 study including 134 patients with T2D inadequately controlled on metformin plus DPP4i therapy who were randomly assigned to receive low-dose (n = 67) or standard-dose (n = 67) lobeglitazone.

Disclosures: This study was supported by a research grant from Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical

Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Source: Ryang S et al. A double-blind, Randomized controlled trial on glucose-lowering EFfects and safety of adding 0.25 or 0.5 mg lobeglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with INadequate control on metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy: REFIND study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 (May 17). Doi: 10.1111/dom.14766.

Key clinical point: Addition of low-dose (0.25 mg/day) vs. standard-dose (0.5 mg/day) lobeglitazone to metformin plus dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) therapy led to noninferior glucose lowering effects and fewer adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Major finding: At week 24, the mean glycated hemoglobin level in the low-dose vs. standard-dose lobeglitazone group was 6.87% ± 0.54% vs. 6.68% ±0 .46%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 0.18% (95% Cl 0.017%-0.345%) showing noninferiority of the low-dose to standard-dose treatment. Treatment-emergent adverse events were more frequent in the standard-dose vs. low-dose group.

Study details: This was a phase 4 study including 134 patients with T2D inadequately controlled on metformin plus DPP4i therapy who were randomly assigned to receive low-dose (n = 67) or standard-dose (n = 67) lobeglitazone.

Disclosures: This study was supported by a research grant from Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical

Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Source: Ryang S et al. A double-blind, Randomized controlled trial on glucose-lowering EFfects and safety of adding 0.25 or 0.5 mg lobeglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with INadequate control on metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy: REFIND study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 (May 17). Doi: 10.1111/dom.14766.

Key clinical point: Addition of low-dose (0.25 mg/day) vs. standard-dose (0.5 mg/day) lobeglitazone to metformin plus dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) therapy led to noninferior glucose lowering effects and fewer adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Major finding: At week 24, the mean glycated hemoglobin level in the low-dose vs. standard-dose lobeglitazone group was 6.87% ± 0.54% vs. 6.68% ±0 .46%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 0.18% (95% Cl 0.017%-0.345%) showing noninferiority of the low-dose to standard-dose treatment. Treatment-emergent adverse events were more frequent in the standard-dose vs. low-dose group.

Study details: This was a phase 4 study including 134 patients with T2D inadequately controlled on metformin plus DPP4i therapy who were randomly assigned to receive low-dose (n = 67) or standard-dose (n = 67) lobeglitazone.

Disclosures: This study was supported by a research grant from Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical

Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Source: Ryang S et al. A double-blind, Randomized controlled trial on glucose-lowering EFfects and safety of adding 0.25 or 0.5 mg lobeglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with INadequate control on metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy: REFIND study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 (May 17). Doi: 10.1111/dom.14766.

Key clinical point: Obesity appeared to be a protective factor for the development of diabetic macular edema (DME) and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), whereas the waist-to-height ratio appeared to be a significant risk factor.

Major finding: Obesity was associated with a lower risk for DME (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.40; P = .041) and VTDR (aOR 0.37; P = .023), whereas a higher waist-to-height ratio was associated with a higher risk for DME (aOR 3.04; P = .041) and VTDR (aOR 2.74; P = .048), with all associations being more significant in women.

Study details: Findings are from an ongoing prospective study that included 2305 patients with T2D.

Disclosures: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangzhou Science & Technology Plan of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program. No competing interests were declared.

Source: Li W et al. Association of different kinds of obesity with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open. 2023;12:e056332 (May 19). Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056332

Key clinical point: Obesity appeared to be a protective factor for the development of diabetic macular edema (DME) and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), whereas the waist-to-height ratio appeared to be a significant risk factor.

Major finding: Obesity was associated with a lower risk for DME (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.40; P = .041) and VTDR (aOR 0.37; P = .023), whereas a higher waist-to-height ratio was associated with a higher risk for DME (aOR 3.04; P = .041) and VTDR (aOR 2.74; P = .048), with all associations being more significant in women.

Study details: Findings are from an ongoing prospective study that included 2305 patients with T2D.

Disclosures: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangzhou Science & Technology Plan of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program. No competing interests were declared.

Source: Li W et al. Association of different kinds of obesity with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open. 2023;12:e056332 (May 19). Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056332

Key clinical point: Obesity appeared to be a protective factor for the development of diabetic macular edema (DME) and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), whereas the waist-to-height ratio appeared to be a significant risk factor.

Major finding: Obesity was associated with a lower risk for DME (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.40; P = .041) and VTDR (aOR 0.37; P = .023), whereas a higher waist-to-height ratio was associated with a higher risk for DME (aOR 3.04; P = .041) and VTDR (aOR 2.74; P = .048), with all associations being more significant in women.

Study details: Findings are from an ongoing prospective study that included 2305 patients with T2D.

Disclosures: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangzhou Science & Technology Plan of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program. No competing interests were declared.

Source: Li W et al. Association of different kinds of obesity with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open. 2023;12:e056332 (May 19). Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056332

Key clinical point: Tirzepatide. at doses of  10 or 15 mg, vs. 2 mg semaglutide was associated with a significantly greater reduction in glycated hemoglobin (A1c) levels and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Both drugs had a similar overall safety profile.

Major finding: At week 40, 10 and 15 mg tirzepatide vs. 2 mg semaglutide led to a significantly greater reduction in A1c levels (estimated treatment difference [ETD] −0.36%; P = .008, and ETD −0.4%; P = .003, respectively) and body weight (ETD −3.15 and −5.15 kg, respectively; both P < .001).

Study details: This was an adjusted indirect treatment comparison study that included patients with T2D from the SURPASS-2 (n = 1879) and SUSTAIN FORTE (n = 961) trials who were randomly assigned to receive tirzepatide or injectable semaglutide.

Disclosures: This study was funded by Eli Lilly and Company. Two authors declared being advisory board members or receiving speaking or consulting honoraria or research support from various sources, including Eli Lilly. The other authors are employees and shareholders of Eli Lilly.

Source: Vadher K et al. Efficacy of tirzepatide 5, 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes: An adjusted indirect treatment comparison. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 (May 19). Doi: 10.1111/dom.14775

Key clinical point: Tirzepatide. at doses of  10 or 15 mg, vs. 2 mg semaglutide was associated with a significantly greater reduction in glycated hemoglobin (A1c) levels and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Both drugs had a similar overall safety profile.

Major finding: At week 40, 10 and 15 mg tirzepatide vs. 2 mg semaglutide led to a significantly greater reduction in A1c levels (estimated treatment difference [ETD] −0.36%; P = .008, and ETD −0.4%; P = .003, respectively) and body weight (ETD −3.15 and −5.15 kg, respectively; both P < .001).

Study details: This was an adjusted indirect treatment comparison study that included patients with T2D from the SURPASS-2 (n = 1879) and SUSTAIN FORTE (n = 961) trials who were randomly assigned to receive tirzepatide or injectable semaglutide.

Disclosures: This study was funded by Eli Lilly and Company. Two authors declared being advisory board members or receiving speaking or consulting honoraria or research support from various sources, including Eli Lilly. The other authors are employees and shareholders of Eli Lilly.

Source: Vadher K et al. Efficacy of tirzepatide 5, 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes: An adjusted indirect treatment comparison. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 (May 19). Doi: 10.1111/dom.14775

Key clinical point: Tirzepatide. at doses of  10 or 15 mg, vs. 2 mg semaglutide was associated with a significantly greater reduction in glycated hemoglobin (A1c) levels and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Both drugs had a similar overall safety profile.

Major finding: At week 40, 10 and 15 mg tirzepatide vs. 2 mg semaglutide led to a significantly greater reduction in A1c levels (estimated treatment difference [ETD] −0.36%; P = .008, and ETD −0.4%; P = .003, respectively) and body weight (ETD −3.15 and −5.15 kg, respectively; both P < .001).

Study details: This was an adjusted indirect treatment comparison study that included patients with T2D from the SURPASS-2 (n = 1879) and SUSTAIN FORTE (n = 961) trials who were randomly assigned to receive tirzepatide or injectable semaglutide.

Disclosures: This study was funded by Eli Lilly and Company. Two authors declared being advisory board members or receiving speaking or consulting honoraria or research support from various sources, including Eli Lilly. The other authors are employees and shareholders of Eli Lilly.

Source: Vadher K et al. Efficacy of tirzepatide 5, 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes: An adjusted indirect treatment comparison. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 (May 19). Doi: 10.1111/dom.14775

Key clinical point: In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), once-weekly tirzepatide demonstrated dose-dependent superiority on glycemic efficacy vs. placebo, long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), and basal insulin, without increasing the chances of hypoglycemia.

Major finding: Tirzepatide, at does of 5, 10, and 15 mg, was more effective than placebo in reducing glycated hemoglobin levels, with mean differences (95% CI) being −17.71 (−21.66 to −13.75), −20.20 (−22.90 to −17.51), and −22.35 (−26.09 to −18.62) mmol/mol, respectively. Similar findings were recorded for tirzepatide vs. GLP-1 RA or basal insulin. The incidence of hypoglycemia was not significantly different between the treatment groups.

Study details: The data come from a meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials including 6609 patients with T2D.

Disclosures: The study received no specific funding. Some authors declared receiving research grants, consulting fees, research support, or honoraria from, or serving as consultants or advisory board members for various sources.

Source: Karagiannis T et al. Management of type 2 diabetes with the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2022 (May 17). Doi: 10.1007/s00125-022-05715-4

Key clinical point: In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), once-weekly tirzepatide demonstrated dose-dependent superiority on glycemic efficacy vs. placebo, long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), and basal insulin, without increasing the chances of hypoglycemia.

Major finding: Tirzepatide, at does of 5, 10, and 15 mg, was more effective than placebo in reducing glycated hemoglobin levels, with mean differences (95% CI) being −17.71 (−21.66 to −13.75), −20.20 (−22.90 to −17.51), and −22.35 (−26.09 to −18.62) mmol/mol, respectively. Similar findings were recorded for tirzepatide vs. GLP-1 RA or basal insulin. The incidence of hypoglycemia was not significantly different between the treatment groups.

Study details: The data come from a meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials including 6609 patients with T2D.

Disclosures: The study received no specific funding. Some authors declared receiving research grants, consulting fees, research support, or honoraria from, or serving as consultants or advisory board members for various sources.

Source: Karagiannis T et al. Management of type 2 diabetes with the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2022 (May 17). Doi: 10.1007/s00125-022-05715-4

Key clinical point: In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), once-weekly tirzepatide demonstrated dose-dependent superiority on glycemic efficacy vs. placebo, long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), and basal insulin, without increasing the chances of hypoglycemia.

Major finding: Tirzepatide, at does of 5, 10, and 15 mg, was more effective than placebo in reducing glycated hemoglobin levels, with mean differences (95% CI) being −17.71 (−21.66 to −13.75), −20.20 (−22.90 to −17.51), and −22.35 (−26.09 to −18.62) mmol/mol, respectively. Similar findings were recorded for tirzepatide vs. GLP-1 RA or basal insulin. The incidence of hypoglycemia was not significantly different between the treatment groups.

Study details: The data come from a meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials including 6609 patients with T2D.

Disclosures: The study received no specific funding. Some authors declared receiving research grants, consulting fees, research support, or honoraria from, or serving as consultants or advisory board members for various sources.

Source: Karagiannis T et al. Management of type 2 diabetes with the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2022 (May 17). Doi: 10.1007/s00125-022-05715-4

Key clinical point: The antepartum 75g-oral glucose tolerance test (75g-OGTT) can identify nulliparous pregnant women who are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), even if they tested negative for gestational diabetes (GD).

Major finding: In women without GD, the fasting (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.82; 95% CI 2.18-3.64), 1-hour (aHR 1.26; 95% CI 1.15-1.37), and 2-hour (aHR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04-1.25) 75g-OGTT values were significantly associated with a future risk of developing T2D, with a model combining all three OGTT values and clinical characteristics being able to detect 43.7% (95% CI 43.2%-44.2%) of women who developed T2D at 5 years after the index pregnancy.

Study details: The data come from a retrospective study of 41,507 nulliparous pregnant women who tested negative for GD using a 75g-OGTT.

Disclosures: This study was funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research. The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Source: Hiersch L et al. The prognostic value of the oral glucose tolerance test for future type-2 diabetes in nulliparous pregnant women testing negative for gestational diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2022 (Jun 2). Doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2022.101364

Key clinical point: The antepartum 75g-oral glucose tolerance test (75g-OGTT) can identify nulliparous pregnant women who are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), even if they tested negative for gestational diabetes (GD).

Major finding: In women without GD, the fasting (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.82; 95% CI 2.18-3.64), 1-hour (aHR 1.26; 95% CI 1.15-1.37), and 2-hour (aHR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04-1.25) 75g-OGTT values were significantly associated with a future risk of developing T2D, with a model combining all three OGTT values and clinical characteristics being able to detect 43.7% (95% CI 43.2%-44.2%) of women who developed T2D at 5 years after the index pregnancy.

Study details: The data come from a retrospective study of 41,507 nulliparous pregnant women who tested negative for GD using a 75g-OGTT.

Disclosures: This study was funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research. The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Source: Hiersch L et al. The prognostic value of the oral glucose tolerance test for future type-2 diabetes in nulliparous pregnant women testing negative for gestational diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2022 (Jun 2). Doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2022.101364

Key clinical point: The antepartum 75g-oral glucose tolerance test (75g-OGTT) can identify nulliparous pregnant women who are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), even if they tested negative for gestational diabetes (GD).

Major finding: In women without GD, the fasting (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.82; 95% CI 2.18-3.64), 1-hour (aHR 1.26; 95% CI 1.15-1.37), and 2-hour (aHR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04-1.25) 75g-OGTT values were significantly associated with a future risk of developing T2D, with a model combining all three OGTT values and clinical characteristics being able to detect 43.7% (95% CI 43.2%-44.2%) of women who developed T2D at 5 years after the index pregnancy.

Study details: The data come from a retrospective study of 41,507 nulliparous pregnant women who tested negative for GD using a 75g-OGTT.

Disclosures: This study was funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research. The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Source: Hiersch L et al. The prognostic value of the oral glucose tolerance test for future type-2 diabetes in nulliparous pregnant women testing negative for gestational diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2022 (Jun 2). Doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2022.101364

Key clinical point: Combination of metformin plus a low hypoglycemic risk antidiabetic drug provides better glycemic control than metformin monotherapy without increasing the risk for hypoglycemia in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Major finding: Combination therapy vs. metformin monotherapy significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (A1c) levels (mean difference [MD] −0.48%; P < .001) and fasting plasma glucose levels (MD −0.92 mmol/L; P < .001) and led to a higher proportion of patients achieving  an A1c level of <7% (odds ratio 2.21; P < .00001), without any significant increase in hypoglycemic events.

Study details: Findings are from a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials including 5316 patients with untreated T2D who were randomly assigned to receive combination therapy or metformin monotherapy.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Hung WT et al. Metformin plus a low hypoglycemic risk antidiabetic drug vs. metformin monotherapy for untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;189:10937 (Jun 1). Doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109937

Key clinical point: Combination of metformin plus a low hypoglycemic risk antidiabetic drug provides better glycemic control than metformin monotherapy without increasing the risk for hypoglycemia in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Major finding: Combination therapy vs. metformin monotherapy significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (A1c) levels (mean difference [MD] −0.48%; P < .001) and fasting plasma glucose levels (MD −0.92 mmol/L; P < .001) and led to a higher proportion of patients achieving  an A1c level of <7% (odds ratio 2.21; P < .00001), without any significant increase in hypoglycemic events.

Study details: Findings are from a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials including 5316 patients with untreated T2D who were randomly assigned to receive combination therapy or metformin monotherapy.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Hung WT et al. Metformin plus a low hypoglycemic risk antidiabetic drug vs. metformin monotherapy for untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;189:10937 (Jun 1). Doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109937

Key clinical point: Combination of metformin plus a low hypoglycemic risk antidiabetic drug provides better glycemic control than metformin monotherapy without increasing the risk for hypoglycemia in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Major finding: Combination therapy vs. metformin monotherapy significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (A1c) levels (mean difference [MD] −0.48%; P < .001) and fasting plasma glucose levels (MD −0.92 mmol/L; P < .001) and led to a higher proportion of patients achieving  an A1c level of <7% (odds ratio 2.21; P < .00001), without any significant increase in hypoglycemic events.

Study details: Findings are from a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials including 5316 patients with untreated T2D who were randomly assigned to receive combination therapy or metformin monotherapy.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Hung WT et al. Metformin plus a low hypoglycemic risk antidiabetic drug vs. metformin monotherapy for untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;189:10937 (Jun 1). Doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109937

Key clinical point: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who initiated first-line sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) vs. metformin showed a similar risk for hospitalization for myocardial infarction (MI)/stroke or all-cause mortality, a lower risk for hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) or all-cause mortality, and a similar safety profile, except for an increased risk for genital infections.

Major finding: Patients initiating the first-line treatment with SGLT-2i vs. metformin had a similar risk for MI/stroke/mortality (hazard ratio[HR] 0.96; 95% CI 0.77-1.19), a lower risk for HHF/mortality (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.66-0.97), and a similar safety profile, except for an increased risk for genital infections (HR 2.19; 95% CI 1.91-2.51).

Study details: This population-based cohort study included 8613 patients with T2D initiating SGLT-2i and 17,226 matched patients initiating metformin.

Disclosures: This study was funded by the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. RJ Glynn, E Patorno, and S Schneeweiss declared receiving research grants or consulting fees, serving on advisory boards, or holding stock or stock options for various sources.

Source: Shin H et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in patients initiating first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes with sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus metformin: A cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2022 (May 24). Doi: 10.7326/M21-4012

Key clinical point: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who initiated first-line sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) vs. metformin showed a similar risk for hospitalization for myocardial infarction (MI)/stroke or all-cause mortality, a lower risk for hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) or all-cause mortality, and a similar safety profile, except for an increased risk for genital infections.

Major finding: Patients initiating the first-line treatment with SGLT-2i vs. metformin had a similar risk for MI/stroke/mortality (hazard ratio[HR] 0.96; 95% CI 0.77-1.19), a lower risk for HHF/mortality (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.66-0.97), and a similar safety profile, except for an increased risk for genital infections (HR 2.19; 95% CI 1.91-2.51).

Study details: This population-based cohort study included 8613 patients with T2D initiating SGLT-2i and 17,226 matched patients initiating metformin.

Disclosures: This study was funded by the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. RJ Glynn, E Patorno, and S Schneeweiss declared receiving research grants or consulting fees, serving on advisory boards, or holding stock or stock options for various sources.

Source: Shin H et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in patients initiating first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes with sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus metformin: A cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2022 (May 24). Doi: 10.7326/M21-4012

Key clinical point: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who initiated first-line sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) vs. metformin showed a similar risk for hospitalization for myocardial infarction (MI)/stroke or all-cause mortality, a lower risk for hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) or all-cause mortality, and a similar safety profile, except for an increased risk for genital infections.

Major finding: Patients initiating the first-line treatment with SGLT-2i vs. metformin had a similar risk for MI/stroke/mortality (hazard ratio[HR] 0.96; 95% CI 0.77-1.19), a lower risk for HHF/mortality (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.66-0.97), and a similar safety profile, except for an increased risk for genital infections (HR 2.19; 95% CI 1.91-2.51).

Study details: This population-based cohort study included 8613 patients with T2D initiating SGLT-2i and 17,226 matched patients initiating metformin.

Disclosures: This study was funded by the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. RJ Glynn, E Patorno, and S Schneeweiss declared receiving research grants or consulting fees, serving on advisory boards, or holding stock or stock options for various sources.

Source: Shin H et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in patients initiating first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes with sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus metformin: A cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2022 (May 24). Doi: 10.7326/M21-4012

Key clinical point: Once-weekly dulaglutide was superior to placebo in improving glycemic control through 26 weeks in youths with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were being treated with or without metformin or basal insulin.

Major finding: At 26 weeks, 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg dulaglutide vs. placebo led to a significant reduction in mean glycated hemoglobin (A1c) level (estimated treatment difference −1.2% and −1.5%, respectively), in addition to a significant increase in the proportion of patients achieving an A1c level of <7.0% (all P < .001) and a consistent safety profile.

Study details: The data come from the AWARD-PEDS trial including 154 patients with T2D treated with lifestyle modification alone or metformin with or without basal insulin and who were randomly assigned to receive once-weekly dulaglutide or placebo for 26 weeks.

Disclosures: This study was funded by Eli Lilly and Company. Some authors declared receiving grants or contracts or serving as consultants or on safety and data monitoring boards for various sources, including Eli Lilly. D Cox declared being an employee of and holding stocks or stock options in Eli Lilly.

Source: Arslanian SA et al. Once-weekly dulaglutide for the treatment of youths with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2022 (Jun 4). Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204601

Key clinical point: Once-weekly dulaglutide was superior to placebo in improving glycemic control through 26 weeks in youths with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were being treated with or without metformin or basal insulin.

Major finding: At 26 weeks, 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg dulaglutide vs. placebo led to a significant reduction in mean glycated hemoglobin (A1c) level (estimated treatment difference −1.2% and −1.5%, respectively), in addition to a significant increase in the proportion of patients achieving an A1c level of <7.0% (all P < .001) and a consistent safety profile.

Study details: The data come from the AWARD-PEDS trial including 154 patients with T2D treated with lifestyle modification alone or metformin with or without basal insulin and who were randomly assigned to receive once-weekly dulaglutide or placebo for 26 weeks.

Disclosures: This study was funded by Eli Lilly and Company. Some authors declared receiving grants or contracts or serving as consultants or on safety and data monitoring boards for various sources, including Eli Lilly. D Cox declared being an employee of and holding stocks or stock options in Eli Lilly.

Source: Arslanian SA et al. Once-weekly dulaglutide for the treatment of youths with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2022 (Jun 4). Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204601

Key clinical point: Once-weekly dulaglutide was superior to placebo in improving glycemic control through 26 weeks in youths with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were being treated with or without metformin or basal insulin.

Major finding: At 26 weeks, 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg dulaglutide vs. placebo led to a significant reduction in mean glycated hemoglobin (A1c) level (estimated treatment difference −1.2% and −1.5%, respectively), in addition to a significant increase in the proportion of patients achieving an A1c level of <7.0% (all P < .001) and a consistent safety profile.

Study details: The data come from the AWARD-PEDS trial including 154 patients with T2D treated with lifestyle modification alone or metformin with or without basal insulin and who were randomly assigned to receive once-weekly dulaglutide or placebo for 26 weeks.

Disclosures: This study was funded by Eli Lilly and Company. Some authors declared receiving grants or contracts or serving as consultants or on safety and data monitoring boards for various sources, including Eli Lilly. D Cox declared being an employee of and holding stocks or stock options in Eli Lilly.

Source: Arslanian SA et al. Once-weekly dulaglutide for the treatment of youths with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2022 (Jun 4). Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204601