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Effective antibullying laws comply with DOE guidelines
Antibullying laws that include statement of scope, a description of prohibited behaviors, and requirements for districts to develop and implement policies have been linked with a decrease in bullying and cyberbullying, results of a study suggest.
“We found evidence that compliance with [Department of Education]–recommended guidelines in antibullying laws was associated with lower rates of being bullied and cyberbullied,” wrote Mark L. Hatzenbuehler, Ph.D., of Columbia University, New York, and his colleagues.
The researchers analyzed survey responses from 63,635 adolescents in grades 9-12 in schools from 25 states, between September 2010 and December 2011. These states had antibullying laws in place at the time the students were surveyed. The researchers also used the U.S. Department of Education’s review of how closely each law followed the department’s framework for antibullying laws. Using the DOE data and the student’s survey responses, the researchers searched for links between the inclusion of specific parts of the DOE framework in a state’s antibullying law and the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying in that state.
They evaluated 16 individual components of antibullying legislation. Of these, statement of scope (bullying: adjusted odds ratio, 0.85; cyberbullying: AOR, 0.87), a description of prohibited behaviors (bullying: AOR, 0.83; cyberbullying: AOR, 0.92), and requirements for districts to develop and implement policies (bullying: AOR, 0.76; cyberbullying: AOR, 0.80) were consistently associated with decreased odds of being bullied and cyberbullied, “These three components offer details, specificity, and clarity for school administrators and may therefore increase the likelihood that they feel empowered to act,” wrote the researchers.
Future research on antibullying laws’ effectiveness should include “a larger sample of laws identified from historical reviews of all 49 state antibullying laws,” they added.
The researchers had no disclosures. Read the study in JAMA Pediatrics (doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2411).
Antibullying laws that include statement of scope, a description of prohibited behaviors, and requirements for districts to develop and implement policies have been linked with a decrease in bullying and cyberbullying, results of a study suggest.
“We found evidence that compliance with [Department of Education]–recommended guidelines in antibullying laws was associated with lower rates of being bullied and cyberbullied,” wrote Mark L. Hatzenbuehler, Ph.D., of Columbia University, New York, and his colleagues.
The researchers analyzed survey responses from 63,635 adolescents in grades 9-12 in schools from 25 states, between September 2010 and December 2011. These states had antibullying laws in place at the time the students were surveyed. The researchers also used the U.S. Department of Education’s review of how closely each law followed the department’s framework for antibullying laws. Using the DOE data and the student’s survey responses, the researchers searched for links between the inclusion of specific parts of the DOE framework in a state’s antibullying law and the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying in that state.
They evaluated 16 individual components of antibullying legislation. Of these, statement of scope (bullying: adjusted odds ratio, 0.85; cyberbullying: AOR, 0.87), a description of prohibited behaviors (bullying: AOR, 0.83; cyberbullying: AOR, 0.92), and requirements for districts to develop and implement policies (bullying: AOR, 0.76; cyberbullying: AOR, 0.80) were consistently associated with decreased odds of being bullied and cyberbullied, “These three components offer details, specificity, and clarity for school administrators and may therefore increase the likelihood that they feel empowered to act,” wrote the researchers.
Future research on antibullying laws’ effectiveness should include “a larger sample of laws identified from historical reviews of all 49 state antibullying laws,” they added.
The researchers had no disclosures. Read the study in JAMA Pediatrics (doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2411).
Antibullying laws that include statement of scope, a description of prohibited behaviors, and requirements for districts to develop and implement policies have been linked with a decrease in bullying and cyberbullying, results of a study suggest.
“We found evidence that compliance with [Department of Education]–recommended guidelines in antibullying laws was associated with lower rates of being bullied and cyberbullied,” wrote Mark L. Hatzenbuehler, Ph.D., of Columbia University, New York, and his colleagues.
The researchers analyzed survey responses from 63,635 adolescents in grades 9-12 in schools from 25 states, between September 2010 and December 2011. These states had antibullying laws in place at the time the students were surveyed. The researchers also used the U.S. Department of Education’s review of how closely each law followed the department’s framework for antibullying laws. Using the DOE data and the student’s survey responses, the researchers searched for links between the inclusion of specific parts of the DOE framework in a state’s antibullying law and the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying in that state.
They evaluated 16 individual components of antibullying legislation. Of these, statement of scope (bullying: adjusted odds ratio, 0.85; cyberbullying: AOR, 0.87), a description of prohibited behaviors (bullying: AOR, 0.83; cyberbullying: AOR, 0.92), and requirements for districts to develop and implement policies (bullying: AOR, 0.76; cyberbullying: AOR, 0.80) were consistently associated with decreased odds of being bullied and cyberbullied, “These three components offer details, specificity, and clarity for school administrators and may therefore increase the likelihood that they feel empowered to act,” wrote the researchers.
Future research on antibullying laws’ effectiveness should include “a larger sample of laws identified from historical reviews of all 49 state antibullying laws,” they added.
The researchers had no disclosures. Read the study in JAMA Pediatrics (doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2411).
FROM JAMA PEDIATRICS
Mental health apps deemed ineffective
Several of the National Health Service’s mental health apps should be removed from the NHS Health Apps Library, because the apps lack evidence of their effectiveness, an article suggests.
The authors, researchers Simon Leigh of the Management School at the University of Liverpool, England, and Steve Flatt of the Liverpool Psychological Therapies Unit Community Interest Company, specifically fire shots at most of the NHS apps for the management of depression and anxiety. After assessing the metrics used to evaluate mental health apps currently in the library, they found that only four of the apps dedicated to the management of depression and anxiety “provide any evidence of patient-reported outcomes to substantiate claims of effectiveness” and only two apply validated metrics, including the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) and 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess clinical performance.
“As such, confidence in, and the validity of the claims made by apps that fail to apply such metrics must be considered as low at best, suggesting that the true clinical value of over 85% of NHS accredited mental health apps is at present impossible to determine,” they wrote.
The authors criticized many mental health apps sponsored by the NHS and other organizations, but they also advocate for the use of mental health apps that meet certain specifications, including those that “demonstrate evidence of real-world clinical effectiveness prior to receiving a seal of approval from a world-leading health care system and [be] recommended for patients in need of high-quality psychological interventions.”
Among the reasons the article’s authors list for supporting the idea of mental health apps is the possibility of such tools helping to decrease the wait time for receiving treatment, citing grim expected outcomes for patients currently waiting for mental health services in the United Kingdom. For example, 1 in 6 patients on waiting lists for mental health are expected to attempt suicide.
The writers also laud app-based psychological interventions’ potential to remove financial barriers to treatment and the fact that the use of some mental health apps has led to symptom improvement among patients with mental health issues.
“Given the ever increasing demands and limited supply of NHS mental health services, coupled with barriers to care, including a desire for anonymity, indirect financial costs, and impaired access to treatment centers, the use of apps may not only promote health service efficiency, but also support the NHS in returning to its seminal promise of equal access for equal need,” the authors wrote.
They added: “However, if this is to be an effective venture, this space clearly requires more stringent regulation, vetting, and quality control,”
Reacting to the article, a spokesperson for NHS England said: “This study illustrates that digital tools can act as powerful psychological interventions. It’s vital that patients know which apps to choose and that’s why we are working to upgrade the Health Apps Library, which launched as a pilot site in 2013 and reviews and recommends apps against a defined set of criteria. Earlier this year, we launched the Mental Health Apps Library, which features apps and digital tools that are compliant with IAPT [increasing access to psychological therapies] quality standards and offer National Institute of Health and Care Excellence approved treatments that can demonstrate effectiveness in treating mild and moderate depression and anxiety.”
Read the full article in Evidence-Based Mental Health (doi: 10.1136/eb-20150102203).
Several of the National Health Service’s mental health apps should be removed from the NHS Health Apps Library, because the apps lack evidence of their effectiveness, an article suggests.
The authors, researchers Simon Leigh of the Management School at the University of Liverpool, England, and Steve Flatt of the Liverpool Psychological Therapies Unit Community Interest Company, specifically fire shots at most of the NHS apps for the management of depression and anxiety. After assessing the metrics used to evaluate mental health apps currently in the library, they found that only four of the apps dedicated to the management of depression and anxiety “provide any evidence of patient-reported outcomes to substantiate claims of effectiveness” and only two apply validated metrics, including the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) and 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess clinical performance.
“As such, confidence in, and the validity of the claims made by apps that fail to apply such metrics must be considered as low at best, suggesting that the true clinical value of over 85% of NHS accredited mental health apps is at present impossible to determine,” they wrote.
The authors criticized many mental health apps sponsored by the NHS and other organizations, but they also advocate for the use of mental health apps that meet certain specifications, including those that “demonstrate evidence of real-world clinical effectiveness prior to receiving a seal of approval from a world-leading health care system and [be] recommended for patients in need of high-quality psychological interventions.”
Among the reasons the article’s authors list for supporting the idea of mental health apps is the possibility of such tools helping to decrease the wait time for receiving treatment, citing grim expected outcomes for patients currently waiting for mental health services in the United Kingdom. For example, 1 in 6 patients on waiting lists for mental health are expected to attempt suicide.
The writers also laud app-based psychological interventions’ potential to remove financial barriers to treatment and the fact that the use of some mental health apps has led to symptom improvement among patients with mental health issues.
“Given the ever increasing demands and limited supply of NHS mental health services, coupled with barriers to care, including a desire for anonymity, indirect financial costs, and impaired access to treatment centers, the use of apps may not only promote health service efficiency, but also support the NHS in returning to its seminal promise of equal access for equal need,” the authors wrote.
They added: “However, if this is to be an effective venture, this space clearly requires more stringent regulation, vetting, and quality control,”
Reacting to the article, a spokesperson for NHS England said: “This study illustrates that digital tools can act as powerful psychological interventions. It’s vital that patients know which apps to choose and that’s why we are working to upgrade the Health Apps Library, which launched as a pilot site in 2013 and reviews and recommends apps against a defined set of criteria. Earlier this year, we launched the Mental Health Apps Library, which features apps and digital tools that are compliant with IAPT [increasing access to psychological therapies] quality standards and offer National Institute of Health and Care Excellence approved treatments that can demonstrate effectiveness in treating mild and moderate depression and anxiety.”
Read the full article in Evidence-Based Mental Health (doi: 10.1136/eb-20150102203).
Several of the National Health Service’s mental health apps should be removed from the NHS Health Apps Library, because the apps lack evidence of their effectiveness, an article suggests.
The authors, researchers Simon Leigh of the Management School at the University of Liverpool, England, and Steve Flatt of the Liverpool Psychological Therapies Unit Community Interest Company, specifically fire shots at most of the NHS apps for the management of depression and anxiety. After assessing the metrics used to evaluate mental health apps currently in the library, they found that only four of the apps dedicated to the management of depression and anxiety “provide any evidence of patient-reported outcomes to substantiate claims of effectiveness” and only two apply validated metrics, including the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) and 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess clinical performance.
“As such, confidence in, and the validity of the claims made by apps that fail to apply such metrics must be considered as low at best, suggesting that the true clinical value of over 85% of NHS accredited mental health apps is at present impossible to determine,” they wrote.
The authors criticized many mental health apps sponsored by the NHS and other organizations, but they also advocate for the use of mental health apps that meet certain specifications, including those that “demonstrate evidence of real-world clinical effectiveness prior to receiving a seal of approval from a world-leading health care system and [be] recommended for patients in need of high-quality psychological interventions.”
Among the reasons the article’s authors list for supporting the idea of mental health apps is the possibility of such tools helping to decrease the wait time for receiving treatment, citing grim expected outcomes for patients currently waiting for mental health services in the United Kingdom. For example, 1 in 6 patients on waiting lists for mental health are expected to attempt suicide.
The writers also laud app-based psychological interventions’ potential to remove financial barriers to treatment and the fact that the use of some mental health apps has led to symptom improvement among patients with mental health issues.
“Given the ever increasing demands and limited supply of NHS mental health services, coupled with barriers to care, including a desire for anonymity, indirect financial costs, and impaired access to treatment centers, the use of apps may not only promote health service efficiency, but also support the NHS in returning to its seminal promise of equal access for equal need,” the authors wrote.
They added: “However, if this is to be an effective venture, this space clearly requires more stringent regulation, vetting, and quality control,”
Reacting to the article, a spokesperson for NHS England said: “This study illustrates that digital tools can act as powerful psychological interventions. It’s vital that patients know which apps to choose and that’s why we are working to upgrade the Health Apps Library, which launched as a pilot site in 2013 and reviews and recommends apps against a defined set of criteria. Earlier this year, we launched the Mental Health Apps Library, which features apps and digital tools that are compliant with IAPT [increasing access to psychological therapies] quality standards and offer National Institute of Health and Care Excellence approved treatments that can demonstrate effectiveness in treating mild and moderate depression and anxiety.”
Read the full article in Evidence-Based Mental Health (doi: 10.1136/eb-20150102203).
FROM EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH
No link between head and neck cancers and marijuana use
Marijuana use does not seem to be a risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC) suggests a meta-analysis including nine case-control studies.
The chance of developing head and neck cancer in individuals who had smoked marijuana in their lifetime was estimated using an odds ratio, and controlling for age, sex, race, and tobacco consumption.
Approximately 12.6% of the patients who developed HNC and 14.3% of the controls were marijuana users. No association was found between exposure to marijuana and HNC (odds ratio = 1.021).
“Despite several inferences that have made to date, there is currently insufficient epidemiological evidence to support a positive or negative association in marijuana use and the development of HNC,” the researchers said.
Future studies on the long-term effects of marijuana use and “the mechanism of action of cannabinoids in specific tissues in animal models and humans” are needed, according to the researchers.
Read the full study in Archives of Oral Biology (doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbi.2015.09.009).
Marijuana use does not seem to be a risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC) suggests a meta-analysis including nine case-control studies.
The chance of developing head and neck cancer in individuals who had smoked marijuana in their lifetime was estimated using an odds ratio, and controlling for age, sex, race, and tobacco consumption.
Approximately 12.6% of the patients who developed HNC and 14.3% of the controls were marijuana users. No association was found between exposure to marijuana and HNC (odds ratio = 1.021).
“Despite several inferences that have made to date, there is currently insufficient epidemiological evidence to support a positive or negative association in marijuana use and the development of HNC,” the researchers said.
Future studies on the long-term effects of marijuana use and “the mechanism of action of cannabinoids in specific tissues in animal models and humans” are needed, according to the researchers.
Read the full study in Archives of Oral Biology (doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbi.2015.09.009).
Marijuana use does not seem to be a risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC) suggests a meta-analysis including nine case-control studies.
The chance of developing head and neck cancer in individuals who had smoked marijuana in their lifetime was estimated using an odds ratio, and controlling for age, sex, race, and tobacco consumption.
Approximately 12.6% of the patients who developed HNC and 14.3% of the controls were marijuana users. No association was found between exposure to marijuana and HNC (odds ratio = 1.021).
“Despite several inferences that have made to date, there is currently insufficient epidemiological evidence to support a positive or negative association in marijuana use and the development of HNC,” the researchers said.
Future studies on the long-term effects of marijuana use and “the mechanism of action of cannabinoids in specific tissues in animal models and humans” are needed, according to the researchers.
Read the full study in Archives of Oral Biology (doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbi.2015.09.009).
FROM ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY
IgA increase linked to fewer infections in CLL patients on ibrutinib
Increases in IgA levels were associated with a reduced risk of infections in 84 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients participating in a trial of ibrutinib 420 mg once daily.
After 28 months of ibrutinib treatment, 69 (82%) patients had developed 177 infections. Lower rates of infections were found in those who experienced an IgA increase of at least 50% from their baseline values (P = .03), reported Dr. Clare Sun of the hematology branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, Md., and her associates.
At baseline, the patients’ median IgA value was 0.47 g/L; after 6 months of treatment with ibrutinib, the median IgA value was 0.74 g/L. The levels of IgA continued to rise in the next 12 months (n = 43, median increase of 45%, P less than 0001), and patients’ IgA levels at 24 months also were greater than their baseline levels (n = 28, median increase of 64%, P less than .0001).
Using serum-free light chain measures to distinguish clonal and normal B cells, researchers also found recovery of normal B cells and increases in B-cell precursors in bone marrow and in normal B cells in the peripheral blood. This growth, however, was not large enough to raise the majority of patients’ normal B cells to normal levels.
The findings suggest “ibrutinib allows for a clinically meaningful recovery of humoral immune function in patients with CLL,” Dr. Sun and her associates wrote. “The rapidity of increase in IgA suggests that pre-existing antibody-producing cells may be secreting more immunoglobulins, whilst CLL cells, which impair immunoglobulin production, are removed by ibrutinib.”
The patients also had a decline in IgG levels, however, which did not appear to have an adverse impact. The patients’ IgG levels remained stable during the first 6 months of treatment, but by 12 months they had decreased (n = 35, median reduction of 4%, P < .0006), falling further at 24 months (n = 21, median reduction of 23%, P < .0001).
Because ibrutinib may be given indefinitely, extended follow-up is needed to determine the immunologic consequences of prolonged Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibition, the researchers wrote.
Read the full study in Blood (2015. doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-639203).
Increases in IgA levels were associated with a reduced risk of infections in 84 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients participating in a trial of ibrutinib 420 mg once daily.
After 28 months of ibrutinib treatment, 69 (82%) patients had developed 177 infections. Lower rates of infections were found in those who experienced an IgA increase of at least 50% from their baseline values (P = .03), reported Dr. Clare Sun of the hematology branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, Md., and her associates.
At baseline, the patients’ median IgA value was 0.47 g/L; after 6 months of treatment with ibrutinib, the median IgA value was 0.74 g/L. The levels of IgA continued to rise in the next 12 months (n = 43, median increase of 45%, P less than 0001), and patients’ IgA levels at 24 months also were greater than their baseline levels (n = 28, median increase of 64%, P less than .0001).
Using serum-free light chain measures to distinguish clonal and normal B cells, researchers also found recovery of normal B cells and increases in B-cell precursors in bone marrow and in normal B cells in the peripheral blood. This growth, however, was not large enough to raise the majority of patients’ normal B cells to normal levels.
The findings suggest “ibrutinib allows for a clinically meaningful recovery of humoral immune function in patients with CLL,” Dr. Sun and her associates wrote. “The rapidity of increase in IgA suggests that pre-existing antibody-producing cells may be secreting more immunoglobulins, whilst CLL cells, which impair immunoglobulin production, are removed by ibrutinib.”
The patients also had a decline in IgG levels, however, which did not appear to have an adverse impact. The patients’ IgG levels remained stable during the first 6 months of treatment, but by 12 months they had decreased (n = 35, median reduction of 4%, P < .0006), falling further at 24 months (n = 21, median reduction of 23%, P < .0001).
Because ibrutinib may be given indefinitely, extended follow-up is needed to determine the immunologic consequences of prolonged Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibition, the researchers wrote.
Read the full study in Blood (2015. doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-639203).
Increases in IgA levels were associated with a reduced risk of infections in 84 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients participating in a trial of ibrutinib 420 mg once daily.
After 28 months of ibrutinib treatment, 69 (82%) patients had developed 177 infections. Lower rates of infections were found in those who experienced an IgA increase of at least 50% from their baseline values (P = .03), reported Dr. Clare Sun of the hematology branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, Md., and her associates.
At baseline, the patients’ median IgA value was 0.47 g/L; after 6 months of treatment with ibrutinib, the median IgA value was 0.74 g/L. The levels of IgA continued to rise in the next 12 months (n = 43, median increase of 45%, P less than 0001), and patients’ IgA levels at 24 months also were greater than their baseline levels (n = 28, median increase of 64%, P less than .0001).
Using serum-free light chain measures to distinguish clonal and normal B cells, researchers also found recovery of normal B cells and increases in B-cell precursors in bone marrow and in normal B cells in the peripheral blood. This growth, however, was not large enough to raise the majority of patients’ normal B cells to normal levels.
The findings suggest “ibrutinib allows for a clinically meaningful recovery of humoral immune function in patients with CLL,” Dr. Sun and her associates wrote. “The rapidity of increase in IgA suggests that pre-existing antibody-producing cells may be secreting more immunoglobulins, whilst CLL cells, which impair immunoglobulin production, are removed by ibrutinib.”
The patients also had a decline in IgG levels, however, which did not appear to have an adverse impact. The patients’ IgG levels remained stable during the first 6 months of treatment, but by 12 months they had decreased (n = 35, median reduction of 4%, P < .0006), falling further at 24 months (n = 21, median reduction of 23%, P < .0001).
Because ibrutinib may be given indefinitely, extended follow-up is needed to determine the immunologic consequences of prolonged Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibition, the researchers wrote.
Read the full study in Blood (2015. doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-639203).
FROM BLOOD
Inhibiting PAC1 receptors may cure migraines
Migraines seem to be caused by activity inside the brain, and administering an inhibitor of the PAC1 receptor to the body’s control center may alleviate these painful events, suggested findings of a rat study by Simon Akerman and Peter J. Goadsby.
“To dissect the relative contributions of endogenous peripheral and central mechanisms in triggering migraine,” the researchers administered the pharmacologically similar vasodilator neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating peptide 38 (PACAP-38) intravenously and into the brains of the rats. Among the researchers’ findings was that only PACAP-38 imitated the effects of a migraine, in that it caused delayed activation and sensitization of central trigeminovascular neurons.
The researchers also gave the rats the PAC1 receptor antagonist intravenously and intracerebroventricularly. Only administration of the PAC1 inhibitor to the brain prevented delayed and spontaneous firing of the neurons, which is seen in migraine patients.
The study results suggested that “targeting the PAC1 receptor is a promising approach for migraine therapy,” wrote the researchers, who reported that they had no relevant financial conflicts.
Read the study in Science Translational Medicine (doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa7557).
Migraines seem to be caused by activity inside the brain, and administering an inhibitor of the PAC1 receptor to the body’s control center may alleviate these painful events, suggested findings of a rat study by Simon Akerman and Peter J. Goadsby.
“To dissect the relative contributions of endogenous peripheral and central mechanisms in triggering migraine,” the researchers administered the pharmacologically similar vasodilator neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating peptide 38 (PACAP-38) intravenously and into the brains of the rats. Among the researchers’ findings was that only PACAP-38 imitated the effects of a migraine, in that it caused delayed activation and sensitization of central trigeminovascular neurons.
The researchers also gave the rats the PAC1 receptor antagonist intravenously and intracerebroventricularly. Only administration of the PAC1 inhibitor to the brain prevented delayed and spontaneous firing of the neurons, which is seen in migraine patients.
The study results suggested that “targeting the PAC1 receptor is a promising approach for migraine therapy,” wrote the researchers, who reported that they had no relevant financial conflicts.
Read the study in Science Translational Medicine (doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa7557).
Migraines seem to be caused by activity inside the brain, and administering an inhibitor of the PAC1 receptor to the body’s control center may alleviate these painful events, suggested findings of a rat study by Simon Akerman and Peter J. Goadsby.
“To dissect the relative contributions of endogenous peripheral and central mechanisms in triggering migraine,” the researchers administered the pharmacologically similar vasodilator neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating peptide 38 (PACAP-38) intravenously and into the brains of the rats. Among the researchers’ findings was that only PACAP-38 imitated the effects of a migraine, in that it caused delayed activation and sensitization of central trigeminovascular neurons.
The researchers also gave the rats the PAC1 receptor antagonist intravenously and intracerebroventricularly. Only administration of the PAC1 inhibitor to the brain prevented delayed and spontaneous firing of the neurons, which is seen in migraine patients.
The study results suggested that “targeting the PAC1 receptor is a promising approach for migraine therapy,” wrote the researchers, who reported that they had no relevant financial conflicts.
Read the study in Science Translational Medicine (doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa7557).
FROM SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
Some NEDA-achieving MS patients showed cognitive declines
Some multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who achieved no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) status still had cognitive deterioration, in a controlled, 2-year, longitudinal study done in Campinas, Brazil.
The study included 42 patients with a relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) diagnosis and a control group of 30 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. All patients were clinically stable (no relapse in the previous 3 months) and being treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Clinical examinations of all patients at all time-points included the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) for all individuals. Depression and health-related quality of life were assessed in all individuals, and all individuals were neuropsychologically assessed using alternate versions of the A and B Brief Repeatable Battery (BRB-N). MRI scans were done on all subjects to search for MRI activity, which was defined as new/enlarging T2 lesions or new gadolinium-enhancing lesions. Cognitive worsening was measured as the number of BRB-N domains showing deterioration based on standardized regression–based models. Deterioration was defined as values below –1.645. Patients were also assessed using the 25-foot walk (T25FW) and nine-hole peg test (9HPT), with worsening on either test defined as an increase of more than 20% relative to the baseline measurement. A patient was said to have NEDA status if there was an absence of the following four items during follow-up: relapses, disability progression, new/enlarging T2 lesions, and new gadolinium-enhancing lesions.
From the original cohort, 40 patients performed a second and third evaluation after 12 and 24 months, respectively, and 22 members of the control group were available for the second and third evaluation. Exclusion criteria were: progressive course, fulfillment of diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica, EDSS greater than 5.0, any preexisting condition known to be associated with brain atrophy or any relapse or steroid therapy within 3 months preceding the clinical or MRI evaluation.
Of the cohort, 46.2% (18 patients) had no MRI activity, 67.5% (27 patients) had no combined clinical activity, but only 30.8% (12) achieved NEDA status at 2 years.
“We found that regardless of achieving NEDA status, 8.3% still had worsening T25FW, and 58.3% had deterioration in greater than or equal to two cognitive domains, suggesting that cognitive measures should be added to the NEDA concept,” according to Dr. Alfredo Damasceno and his colleagues.
“Among those 27 patients with no relapses or EDSS progression, three (11.1%) and one (3.7%) had progression on T25FW and 9HPT, respectively. Moreover, more than one-third had deterioration in greater than or equal to two or more cognitive domains, and about half of these patients still had no evidence of MRI activity,” according to the researchers.
Patients with absence of MRI activity had lower subcortical gray matter (GM) atrophy rates. Compared with controls, MS patients had more than two times higher atrophy rates of subcortical GM.
Absence of new/enlarging T2 lesions was the only predictor of cortical thinning (B = 1.85; P = .0044), subcortical GM atrophy rate (B = 2.09; P = .011), and thalamic atrophy rate (B = 2.09; P = .021).
Among the researchers’ “interpretations” of their data were: DMTs have a limited impact on overall disease worsening, and possibly, clinical/cognitive worsening in the long term is more related to neurodegenerative processes, and the absence of relapses or EDSS progression alone does not necessarily rule out disease progression.
The researchers suggested that future studies addressing NEDA include a more diverse patient population.
The researchers reported no conflicts of interest.
Read the full study in the Multiple Sclerosis Journal (doi: 10.1177/1352458515604383).
Some multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who achieved no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) status still had cognitive deterioration, in a controlled, 2-year, longitudinal study done in Campinas, Brazil.
The study included 42 patients with a relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) diagnosis and a control group of 30 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. All patients were clinically stable (no relapse in the previous 3 months) and being treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Clinical examinations of all patients at all time-points included the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) for all individuals. Depression and health-related quality of life were assessed in all individuals, and all individuals were neuropsychologically assessed using alternate versions of the A and B Brief Repeatable Battery (BRB-N). MRI scans were done on all subjects to search for MRI activity, which was defined as new/enlarging T2 lesions or new gadolinium-enhancing lesions. Cognitive worsening was measured as the number of BRB-N domains showing deterioration based on standardized regression–based models. Deterioration was defined as values below –1.645. Patients were also assessed using the 25-foot walk (T25FW) and nine-hole peg test (9HPT), with worsening on either test defined as an increase of more than 20% relative to the baseline measurement. A patient was said to have NEDA status if there was an absence of the following four items during follow-up: relapses, disability progression, new/enlarging T2 lesions, and new gadolinium-enhancing lesions.
From the original cohort, 40 patients performed a second and third evaluation after 12 and 24 months, respectively, and 22 members of the control group were available for the second and third evaluation. Exclusion criteria were: progressive course, fulfillment of diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica, EDSS greater than 5.0, any preexisting condition known to be associated with brain atrophy or any relapse or steroid therapy within 3 months preceding the clinical or MRI evaluation.
Of the cohort, 46.2% (18 patients) had no MRI activity, 67.5% (27 patients) had no combined clinical activity, but only 30.8% (12) achieved NEDA status at 2 years.
“We found that regardless of achieving NEDA status, 8.3% still had worsening T25FW, and 58.3% had deterioration in greater than or equal to two cognitive domains, suggesting that cognitive measures should be added to the NEDA concept,” according to Dr. Alfredo Damasceno and his colleagues.
“Among those 27 patients with no relapses or EDSS progression, three (11.1%) and one (3.7%) had progression on T25FW and 9HPT, respectively. Moreover, more than one-third had deterioration in greater than or equal to two or more cognitive domains, and about half of these patients still had no evidence of MRI activity,” according to the researchers.
Patients with absence of MRI activity had lower subcortical gray matter (GM) atrophy rates. Compared with controls, MS patients had more than two times higher atrophy rates of subcortical GM.
Absence of new/enlarging T2 lesions was the only predictor of cortical thinning (B = 1.85; P = .0044), subcortical GM atrophy rate (B = 2.09; P = .011), and thalamic atrophy rate (B = 2.09; P = .021).
Among the researchers’ “interpretations” of their data were: DMTs have a limited impact on overall disease worsening, and possibly, clinical/cognitive worsening in the long term is more related to neurodegenerative processes, and the absence of relapses or EDSS progression alone does not necessarily rule out disease progression.
The researchers suggested that future studies addressing NEDA include a more diverse patient population.
The researchers reported no conflicts of interest.
Read the full study in the Multiple Sclerosis Journal (doi: 10.1177/1352458515604383).
Some multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who achieved no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) status still had cognitive deterioration, in a controlled, 2-year, longitudinal study done in Campinas, Brazil.
The study included 42 patients with a relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) diagnosis and a control group of 30 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. All patients were clinically stable (no relapse in the previous 3 months) and being treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Clinical examinations of all patients at all time-points included the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) for all individuals. Depression and health-related quality of life were assessed in all individuals, and all individuals were neuropsychologically assessed using alternate versions of the A and B Brief Repeatable Battery (BRB-N). MRI scans were done on all subjects to search for MRI activity, which was defined as new/enlarging T2 lesions or new gadolinium-enhancing lesions. Cognitive worsening was measured as the number of BRB-N domains showing deterioration based on standardized regression–based models. Deterioration was defined as values below –1.645. Patients were also assessed using the 25-foot walk (T25FW) and nine-hole peg test (9HPT), with worsening on either test defined as an increase of more than 20% relative to the baseline measurement. A patient was said to have NEDA status if there was an absence of the following four items during follow-up: relapses, disability progression, new/enlarging T2 lesions, and new gadolinium-enhancing lesions.
From the original cohort, 40 patients performed a second and third evaluation after 12 and 24 months, respectively, and 22 members of the control group were available for the second and third evaluation. Exclusion criteria were: progressive course, fulfillment of diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica, EDSS greater than 5.0, any preexisting condition known to be associated with brain atrophy or any relapse or steroid therapy within 3 months preceding the clinical or MRI evaluation.
Of the cohort, 46.2% (18 patients) had no MRI activity, 67.5% (27 patients) had no combined clinical activity, but only 30.8% (12) achieved NEDA status at 2 years.
“We found that regardless of achieving NEDA status, 8.3% still had worsening T25FW, and 58.3% had deterioration in greater than or equal to two cognitive domains, suggesting that cognitive measures should be added to the NEDA concept,” according to Dr. Alfredo Damasceno and his colleagues.
“Among those 27 patients with no relapses or EDSS progression, three (11.1%) and one (3.7%) had progression on T25FW and 9HPT, respectively. Moreover, more than one-third had deterioration in greater than or equal to two or more cognitive domains, and about half of these patients still had no evidence of MRI activity,” according to the researchers.
Patients with absence of MRI activity had lower subcortical gray matter (GM) atrophy rates. Compared with controls, MS patients had more than two times higher atrophy rates of subcortical GM.
Absence of new/enlarging T2 lesions was the only predictor of cortical thinning (B = 1.85; P = .0044), subcortical GM atrophy rate (B = 2.09; P = .011), and thalamic atrophy rate (B = 2.09; P = .021).
Among the researchers’ “interpretations” of their data were: DMTs have a limited impact on overall disease worsening, and possibly, clinical/cognitive worsening in the long term is more related to neurodegenerative processes, and the absence of relapses or EDSS progression alone does not necessarily rule out disease progression.
The researchers suggested that future studies addressing NEDA include a more diverse patient population.
The researchers reported no conflicts of interest.
Read the full study in the Multiple Sclerosis Journal (doi: 10.1177/1352458515604383).
FROM MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
Study: 90% of patients with remitted MDD feel inadequate, hopeless
Feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness, and depressed mood were the most closely co-occurring and consistent symptoms in patients with remitted major depressive disorder, according to a study of 132 patients.
All participants had high psychosocial functioning, had fully remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) for more than 6 months, and had no relevant lifetime comorbid Axis I disorders. Of the 132 patients, 121 were medication free while they were participating in the research project. The researchers used a phenomenological psychopathology–based test translated from German to interview all 132 patients, with 94 having answered additional questions for the purpose of assessing “moral emotions.”
More than 90% of the study’s participants demonstrated that they had experienced feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness, and a depressed mood. “This core cluster closely co-occurred with another cluster of symptoms of high consistency around 90%: lack of drive (this item includes lack of energy), affective rigidity (i.e., an inability to respond emotionally, including anhedonia), blunted affect, and social withdrawal,” wrote Roland Zahn of King’s College London, and his colleagues.
Of the patients who answered questions aimed at assessing moral emotions, 45.8% said feelings of inadequacy were most bothersome, while 39.8% named self-blaming emotions, including guilt and self-disgust, as most bothersome. A slightly larger number of patients reported having felt self-disgust/contempt than the number of patients who reported having felt guilt.
“Future studies are needed to confirm these results in patients with current MDD and to investigate how distinctive self-blaming emotions are of MDD without comorbid and relevant Axis I disorders as studied here,” the researchers said.
Read the full study in Journal of Affective Disorders (doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.001).
Feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness, and depressed mood were the most closely co-occurring and consistent symptoms in patients with remitted major depressive disorder, according to a study of 132 patients.
All participants had high psychosocial functioning, had fully remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) for more than 6 months, and had no relevant lifetime comorbid Axis I disorders. Of the 132 patients, 121 were medication free while they were participating in the research project. The researchers used a phenomenological psychopathology–based test translated from German to interview all 132 patients, with 94 having answered additional questions for the purpose of assessing “moral emotions.”
More than 90% of the study’s participants demonstrated that they had experienced feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness, and a depressed mood. “This core cluster closely co-occurred with another cluster of symptoms of high consistency around 90%: lack of drive (this item includes lack of energy), affective rigidity (i.e., an inability to respond emotionally, including anhedonia), blunted affect, and social withdrawal,” wrote Roland Zahn of King’s College London, and his colleagues.
Of the patients who answered questions aimed at assessing moral emotions, 45.8% said feelings of inadequacy were most bothersome, while 39.8% named self-blaming emotions, including guilt and self-disgust, as most bothersome. A slightly larger number of patients reported having felt self-disgust/contempt than the number of patients who reported having felt guilt.
“Future studies are needed to confirm these results in patients with current MDD and to investigate how distinctive self-blaming emotions are of MDD without comorbid and relevant Axis I disorders as studied here,” the researchers said.
Read the full study in Journal of Affective Disorders (doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.001).
Feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness, and depressed mood were the most closely co-occurring and consistent symptoms in patients with remitted major depressive disorder, according to a study of 132 patients.
All participants had high psychosocial functioning, had fully remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) for more than 6 months, and had no relevant lifetime comorbid Axis I disorders. Of the 132 patients, 121 were medication free while they were participating in the research project. The researchers used a phenomenological psychopathology–based test translated from German to interview all 132 patients, with 94 having answered additional questions for the purpose of assessing “moral emotions.”
More than 90% of the study’s participants demonstrated that they had experienced feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness, and a depressed mood. “This core cluster closely co-occurred with another cluster of symptoms of high consistency around 90%: lack of drive (this item includes lack of energy), affective rigidity (i.e., an inability to respond emotionally, including anhedonia), blunted affect, and social withdrawal,” wrote Roland Zahn of King’s College London, and his colleagues.
Of the patients who answered questions aimed at assessing moral emotions, 45.8% said feelings of inadequacy were most bothersome, while 39.8% named self-blaming emotions, including guilt and self-disgust, as most bothersome. A slightly larger number of patients reported having felt self-disgust/contempt than the number of patients who reported having felt guilt.
“Future studies are needed to confirm these results in patients with current MDD and to investigate how distinctive self-blaming emotions are of MDD without comorbid and relevant Axis I disorders as studied here,” the researchers said.
Read the full study in Journal of Affective Disorders (doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.001).
FROM JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
Study: 90% of patients with remitted MDD feel inadequate, hopeless
Feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness, and depressed mood were the most closely co-occurring and consistent symptoms in patients with remitted major depressive disorder, according to a study of 132 patients.
All participants had high psychosocial functioning, had fully remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) for more than 6 months, and had no relevant lifetime comorbid Axis I disorders. Of the 132 patients, 121 were medication free while they were participating in the research project. The researchers used a phenomenological psychopathology–based test translated from German to interview all 132 patients, with 94 having answered additional questions for the purpose of assessing “moral emotions.”
More than 90% of the study’s participants demonstrated that they had experienced feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness, and a depressed mood. “This core cluster closely co-occurred with another cluster of symptoms of high consistency around 90%: lack of drive (this item includes lack of energy), affective rigidity (i.e., an inability to respond emotionally, including anhedonia), blunted affect, and social withdrawal,” wrote Roland Zahn of King’s College London, and his colleagues.
Of the patients who answered questions aimed at assessing moral emotions, 45.8% said feelings of inadequacy were most bothersome, while 39.8% named self-blaming emotions, including guilt and self-disgust, as most bothersome. A slightly larger number of patients reported having felt self-disgust/contempt than the number of patients who reported having felt guilt.
“Future studies are needed to confirm these results in patients with current MDD and to investigate how distinctive self-blaming emotions are of MDD without comorbid and relevant Axis I disorders as studied here,” the researchers said.
Read the full study in Journal of Affective Disorders (doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.001).
Feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness, and depressed mood were the most closely co-occurring and consistent symptoms in patients with remitted major depressive disorder, according to a study of 132 patients.
All participants had high psychosocial functioning, had fully remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) for more than 6 months, and had no relevant lifetime comorbid Axis I disorders. Of the 132 patients, 121 were medication free while they were participating in the research project. The researchers used a phenomenological psychopathology–based test translated from German to interview all 132 patients, with 94 having answered additional questions for the purpose of assessing “moral emotions.”
More than 90% of the study’s participants demonstrated that they had experienced feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness, and a depressed mood. “This core cluster closely co-occurred with another cluster of symptoms of high consistency around 90%: lack of drive (this item includes lack of energy), affective rigidity (i.e., an inability to respond emotionally, including anhedonia), blunted affect, and social withdrawal,” wrote Roland Zahn of King’s College London, and his colleagues.
Of the patients who answered questions aimed at assessing moral emotions, 45.8% said feelings of inadequacy were most bothersome, while 39.8% named self-blaming emotions, including guilt and self-disgust, as most bothersome. A slightly larger number of patients reported having felt self-disgust/contempt than the number of patients who reported having felt guilt.
“Future studies are needed to confirm these results in patients with current MDD and to investigate how distinctive self-blaming emotions are of MDD without comorbid and relevant Axis I disorders as studied here,” the researchers said.
Read the full study in Journal of Affective Disorders (doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.001).
Feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness, and depressed mood were the most closely co-occurring and consistent symptoms in patients with remitted major depressive disorder, according to a study of 132 patients.
All participants had high psychosocial functioning, had fully remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) for more than 6 months, and had no relevant lifetime comorbid Axis I disorders. Of the 132 patients, 121 were medication free while they were participating in the research project. The researchers used a phenomenological psychopathology–based test translated from German to interview all 132 patients, with 94 having answered additional questions for the purpose of assessing “moral emotions.”
More than 90% of the study’s participants demonstrated that they had experienced feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness, and a depressed mood. “This core cluster closely co-occurred with another cluster of symptoms of high consistency around 90%: lack of drive (this item includes lack of energy), affective rigidity (i.e., an inability to respond emotionally, including anhedonia), blunted affect, and social withdrawal,” wrote Roland Zahn of King’s College London, and his colleagues.
Of the patients who answered questions aimed at assessing moral emotions, 45.8% said feelings of inadequacy were most bothersome, while 39.8% named self-blaming emotions, including guilt and self-disgust, as most bothersome. A slightly larger number of patients reported having felt self-disgust/contempt than the number of patients who reported having felt guilt.
“Future studies are needed to confirm these results in patients with current MDD and to investigate how distinctive self-blaming emotions are of MDD without comorbid and relevant Axis I disorders as studied here,” the researchers said.
Read the full study in Journal of Affective Disorders (doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.001).
FROM JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
In utero exposure to tenofovir associated with lower BMC
The average bone mineral content (BMC) of infants of mothers who took tenofovir during pregnancy was 12.2% lower than was the average BMC of infants who were not exposed to the drug in utero, according to a controlled study.
The study’s participants were infants of mothers with HIV infections. The mothers enrolled in the study from April 2011 to June 2013, at 14 U.S. clinical sites. Late in pregnancy, 74 of the infants’ mothers had taken tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), which when combined with other antiretroviral drugs, is the preferred initial therapy for adults with (HIV) infection. The study’s additional participants were 69 infants of mothers who had not taken tenofovir during gestation. Infants from both groups had their BMC measured within a month of their births. All of the infants were born no earlier than after a 36-week pregnancy, did not have HIV infection, and were singletons.
The average whole-body BMC (with head) of infants exposed to TDF in utero was 56.0 g, compared with 63.8 g for unexposed infants (P = .002). For whole-body less head BMC, the mean was 33.3 g in the TDF-exposed group, compared with 36.3 g in the unexposed group (P = .038), showing that for TDF-exposed infants, the average whole-body less head BMC was 8.3% smaller than was that of the unexposed infants.
According to the researchers’ adjusted linear regression model, for TDF-exposed infants, the mean whole-body BMC (with head) was 5.3 g lower (P = .013) in the TDF-exposed infants. For the mean whole-body less head BMC, the adjusted model showed that this measurement was 1.9 g lower in the TDF-exposed infants (P = .15).
“The present study provides strong evidence of a biologic effect of maternal TDF on infant bone. However, the lack of infant BMC reference standards makes it difficult to determine if the lower BMC in tenofovir-exposed infants is abnormal,” according to Dr. George K. Siberry and his colleagues.
Read the full study in Clinical Infectious Diseases (doi: 10.1093/cid/civ437).
The average bone mineral content (BMC) of infants of mothers who took tenofovir during pregnancy was 12.2% lower than was the average BMC of infants who were not exposed to the drug in utero, according to a controlled study.
The study’s participants were infants of mothers with HIV infections. The mothers enrolled in the study from April 2011 to June 2013, at 14 U.S. clinical sites. Late in pregnancy, 74 of the infants’ mothers had taken tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), which when combined with other antiretroviral drugs, is the preferred initial therapy for adults with (HIV) infection. The study’s additional participants were 69 infants of mothers who had not taken tenofovir during gestation. Infants from both groups had their BMC measured within a month of their births. All of the infants were born no earlier than after a 36-week pregnancy, did not have HIV infection, and were singletons.
The average whole-body BMC (with head) of infants exposed to TDF in utero was 56.0 g, compared with 63.8 g for unexposed infants (P = .002). For whole-body less head BMC, the mean was 33.3 g in the TDF-exposed group, compared with 36.3 g in the unexposed group (P = .038), showing that for TDF-exposed infants, the average whole-body less head BMC was 8.3% smaller than was that of the unexposed infants.
According to the researchers’ adjusted linear regression model, for TDF-exposed infants, the mean whole-body BMC (with head) was 5.3 g lower (P = .013) in the TDF-exposed infants. For the mean whole-body less head BMC, the adjusted model showed that this measurement was 1.9 g lower in the TDF-exposed infants (P = .15).
“The present study provides strong evidence of a biologic effect of maternal TDF on infant bone. However, the lack of infant BMC reference standards makes it difficult to determine if the lower BMC in tenofovir-exposed infants is abnormal,” according to Dr. George K. Siberry and his colleagues.
Read the full study in Clinical Infectious Diseases (doi: 10.1093/cid/civ437).
The average bone mineral content (BMC) of infants of mothers who took tenofovir during pregnancy was 12.2% lower than was the average BMC of infants who were not exposed to the drug in utero, according to a controlled study.
The study’s participants were infants of mothers with HIV infections. The mothers enrolled in the study from April 2011 to June 2013, at 14 U.S. clinical sites. Late in pregnancy, 74 of the infants’ mothers had taken tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), which when combined with other antiretroviral drugs, is the preferred initial therapy for adults with (HIV) infection. The study’s additional participants were 69 infants of mothers who had not taken tenofovir during gestation. Infants from both groups had their BMC measured within a month of their births. All of the infants were born no earlier than after a 36-week pregnancy, did not have HIV infection, and were singletons.
The average whole-body BMC (with head) of infants exposed to TDF in utero was 56.0 g, compared with 63.8 g for unexposed infants (P = .002). For whole-body less head BMC, the mean was 33.3 g in the TDF-exposed group, compared with 36.3 g in the unexposed group (P = .038), showing that for TDF-exposed infants, the average whole-body less head BMC was 8.3% smaller than was that of the unexposed infants.
According to the researchers’ adjusted linear regression model, for TDF-exposed infants, the mean whole-body BMC (with head) was 5.3 g lower (P = .013) in the TDF-exposed infants. For the mean whole-body less head BMC, the adjusted model showed that this measurement was 1.9 g lower in the TDF-exposed infants (P = .15).
“The present study provides strong evidence of a biologic effect of maternal TDF on infant bone. However, the lack of infant BMC reference standards makes it difficult to determine if the lower BMC in tenofovir-exposed infants is abnormal,” according to Dr. George K. Siberry and his colleagues.
Read the full study in Clinical Infectious Diseases (doi: 10.1093/cid/civ437).
FROM CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
HHS funds experimental flu drug for hospital patients
The U.S. Department of Health & Human Services’ Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) will provide “technical assistance and funding” to Janssen Pharmaceuticals for the development of an influenza antiviral drug that could be more potent and have a longer treatment window than do existing influenza drugs, according a statement from HHS.
The experimental drug, which Janssen intends to use to treat hospitalized patients with influenza, is called JNJ-872, also known as VX787, and may be the first in an entirely new class of influenza antivirals.
ASPR’s Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) specifically will provide up to $103.5 million over the next 4 years and 3 months to Janssen, and the contract leaves open the possibility of BARDA providing additional funding, capped at $131 million, for this project. BARDA’s contribution is part of its program for “advanced research and development, innovation, acquisition, and manufacturing of vaccines, drugs, diagnostic tools, and nonpharmaceutical products for public health emergency threats.”
Janssen will use the funds to conduct late stage clinical development of JNJ-872, which includes phase III studies in high-risk populations and hospitalized patients, and the final development of a validated commercial-scale manufacturing process. The pharmaceutical company will also explore the feasibility of an innovative approach to manufacturing, which allows for the continuous flow of materials throughout the manufacturing process, unlike the traditional manufacturing process, which is riddled with interruptions.
“BARDA’s goal for supporting JNJ-872 is development of a product that can be used not only to treat hospitalized influenza patients but also to treat patients for whom influenza poses high risks, such as the elderly, pediatrics, and those with chronic conditions such as COPD and heart disease ...,” the statement indicated.
The U.S. Department of Health & Human Services’ Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) will provide “technical assistance and funding” to Janssen Pharmaceuticals for the development of an influenza antiviral drug that could be more potent and have a longer treatment window than do existing influenza drugs, according a statement from HHS.
The experimental drug, which Janssen intends to use to treat hospitalized patients with influenza, is called JNJ-872, also known as VX787, and may be the first in an entirely new class of influenza antivirals.
ASPR’s Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) specifically will provide up to $103.5 million over the next 4 years and 3 months to Janssen, and the contract leaves open the possibility of BARDA providing additional funding, capped at $131 million, for this project. BARDA’s contribution is part of its program for “advanced research and development, innovation, acquisition, and manufacturing of vaccines, drugs, diagnostic tools, and nonpharmaceutical products for public health emergency threats.”
Janssen will use the funds to conduct late stage clinical development of JNJ-872, which includes phase III studies in high-risk populations and hospitalized patients, and the final development of a validated commercial-scale manufacturing process. The pharmaceutical company will also explore the feasibility of an innovative approach to manufacturing, which allows for the continuous flow of materials throughout the manufacturing process, unlike the traditional manufacturing process, which is riddled with interruptions.
“BARDA’s goal for supporting JNJ-872 is development of a product that can be used not only to treat hospitalized influenza patients but also to treat patients for whom influenza poses high risks, such as the elderly, pediatrics, and those with chronic conditions such as COPD and heart disease ...,” the statement indicated.
The U.S. Department of Health & Human Services’ Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) will provide “technical assistance and funding” to Janssen Pharmaceuticals for the development of an influenza antiviral drug that could be more potent and have a longer treatment window than do existing influenza drugs, according a statement from HHS.
The experimental drug, which Janssen intends to use to treat hospitalized patients with influenza, is called JNJ-872, also known as VX787, and may be the first in an entirely new class of influenza antivirals.
ASPR’s Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) specifically will provide up to $103.5 million over the next 4 years and 3 months to Janssen, and the contract leaves open the possibility of BARDA providing additional funding, capped at $131 million, for this project. BARDA’s contribution is part of its program for “advanced research and development, innovation, acquisition, and manufacturing of vaccines, drugs, diagnostic tools, and nonpharmaceutical products for public health emergency threats.”
Janssen will use the funds to conduct late stage clinical development of JNJ-872, which includes phase III studies in high-risk populations and hospitalized patients, and the final development of a validated commercial-scale manufacturing process. The pharmaceutical company will also explore the feasibility of an innovative approach to manufacturing, which allows for the continuous flow of materials throughout the manufacturing process, unlike the traditional manufacturing process, which is riddled with interruptions.
“BARDA’s goal for supporting JNJ-872 is development of a product that can be used not only to treat hospitalized influenza patients but also to treat patients for whom influenza poses high risks, such as the elderly, pediatrics, and those with chronic conditions such as COPD and heart disease ...,” the statement indicated.
