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Weight Loss May Cut Cancer Risk in Adults With Obesity
Weight Loss May Cut Cancer Risk in Adults With Obesity
TOPLINE:
Among adults with obesity, nonsurgical weight loss was significantly associated with reduced odds for developing obesity-related and other cancers at 3 and 5 years, a study of real-world data found.
METHODOLOGY:
- Although weight loss after bariatric surgery is linked to a reduced risk for cancer, the effect of nonsurgical weight loss on cancer risk remains unclear.
- Researchers conducted a retrospective observational study using electronic health record data from a US health system to assess the association between nonsurgical weight loss and the risk for cancer among adults with obesity.
- The inclusion criteria were age of ≥ 20 years, BMI > 30, and at least seven health system visits over 3 years. Patients with a history of alcohol or substance abuse, amputations, HIV infection, organ transplant, thyroid problems, or those who underwent bariatric surgery were excluded.
- The 143,630 patients who met inclusion criteria (7703 cancer cases and 135,927 controls) were divided into 3 cohorts based on weight change over time intervals of 3 years (115,942 patients), 5 years (105,472 patients), and 10 years (59,112 patients).
- Primary endpoints included obesity-related cancers (esophageal cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, endometrial cancer, multiple myeloma, and postmenopausal breast cancer), and secondary endpoints included all malignant neoplasms.
TAKEAWAY:
- Each 1% reduction in BMI was associated with reduced odds of obesity-related cancers at 3 years and 5 years (odds ratio [OR], 0.99 and 0.989, respectively; P < .001 for both). These results translate to 5% weight loss corresponding to 4.9% and 5.4% reductions in obesity-related cancer odds at 3 and 5 years, respectively.
- Weight loss was associated with reduced odds of endometrial cancer at 3, 5, and 10 years (OR, 0.978; P < .05), of renal cell carcinoma at 3 and 5 years (OR, 0.983; P < .05), and of multiple myeloma at 10 years (OR, 0.969; P = .004).
- Weight loss was also associated with reduced odds of developing any malignancy at 3 years (OR, 0.992), 5 years (OR, 0.994), and 10 years (OR, 0.991; P = .001 for all). These results translate into a 5% weight loss corresponding to 3.9%, 3%, and 4.4% lower odds of any malignancy at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively.
IN PRACTICE:
"Real-world weight loss was associated with a decreased risk of developing obesity-related cancers and all other cancers. Our study serves as a call for action and a strong public health message to healthcare stakeholders to intensify efforts and resources to treat obesity as a chronic disease to help reduce the risk of developing cancer," the author wrote.
SOURCE:
This study, led by endocrinologist Kenda Alkwatli, MD, Starling Physicians, Wethersfield, Connecticut, was published online in Obesity.
LIMITATIONS:
The study included only individuals with sufficient longitudinal health records, which may have introduced selection bias. It could not distinguish between intentional and unintentional weight loss or differentiate between fat and lean mass. Due to its observational nature, the study could not assess whether weight loss preceding cancer diagnosis was related to delay in diagnosis.
DISCLOSURES:
The study was funded in part by the Cleveland Clinic Center for Quantitative Metabolic Research. Three authors reported receiving research funding, consulting fees, honoraria, grants, or research support and holding patent applications, license agreements, leadership roles, or equity in healthcare and biotechnology companies.
This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.
A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com.
TOPLINE:
Among adults with obesity, nonsurgical weight loss was significantly associated with reduced odds for developing obesity-related and other cancers at 3 and 5 years, a study of real-world data found.
METHODOLOGY:
- Although weight loss after bariatric surgery is linked to a reduced risk for cancer, the effect of nonsurgical weight loss on cancer risk remains unclear.
- Researchers conducted a retrospective observational study using electronic health record data from a US health system to assess the association between nonsurgical weight loss and the risk for cancer among adults with obesity.
- The inclusion criteria were age of ≥ 20 years, BMI > 30, and at least seven health system visits over 3 years. Patients with a history of alcohol or substance abuse, amputations, HIV infection, organ transplant, thyroid problems, or those who underwent bariatric surgery were excluded.
- The 143,630 patients who met inclusion criteria (7703 cancer cases and 135,927 controls) were divided into 3 cohorts based on weight change over time intervals of 3 years (115,942 patients), 5 years (105,472 patients), and 10 years (59,112 patients).
- Primary endpoints included obesity-related cancers (esophageal cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, endometrial cancer, multiple myeloma, and postmenopausal breast cancer), and secondary endpoints included all malignant neoplasms.
TAKEAWAY:
- Each 1% reduction in BMI was associated with reduced odds of obesity-related cancers at 3 years and 5 years (odds ratio [OR], 0.99 and 0.989, respectively; P < .001 for both). These results translate to 5% weight loss corresponding to 4.9% and 5.4% reductions in obesity-related cancer odds at 3 and 5 years, respectively.
- Weight loss was associated with reduced odds of endometrial cancer at 3, 5, and 10 years (OR, 0.978; P < .05), of renal cell carcinoma at 3 and 5 years (OR, 0.983; P < .05), and of multiple myeloma at 10 years (OR, 0.969; P = .004).
- Weight loss was also associated with reduced odds of developing any malignancy at 3 years (OR, 0.992), 5 years (OR, 0.994), and 10 years (OR, 0.991; P = .001 for all). These results translate into a 5% weight loss corresponding to 3.9%, 3%, and 4.4% lower odds of any malignancy at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively.
IN PRACTICE:
"Real-world weight loss was associated with a decreased risk of developing obesity-related cancers and all other cancers. Our study serves as a call for action and a strong public health message to healthcare stakeholders to intensify efforts and resources to treat obesity as a chronic disease to help reduce the risk of developing cancer," the author wrote.
SOURCE:
This study, led by endocrinologist Kenda Alkwatli, MD, Starling Physicians, Wethersfield, Connecticut, was published online in Obesity.
LIMITATIONS:
The study included only individuals with sufficient longitudinal health records, which may have introduced selection bias. It could not distinguish between intentional and unintentional weight loss or differentiate between fat and lean mass. Due to its observational nature, the study could not assess whether weight loss preceding cancer diagnosis was related to delay in diagnosis.
DISCLOSURES:
The study was funded in part by the Cleveland Clinic Center for Quantitative Metabolic Research. Three authors reported receiving research funding, consulting fees, honoraria, grants, or research support and holding patent applications, license agreements, leadership roles, or equity in healthcare and biotechnology companies.
This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.
A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com.
TOPLINE:
Among adults with obesity, nonsurgical weight loss was significantly associated with reduced odds for developing obesity-related and other cancers at 3 and 5 years, a study of real-world data found.
METHODOLOGY:
- Although weight loss after bariatric surgery is linked to a reduced risk for cancer, the effect of nonsurgical weight loss on cancer risk remains unclear.
- Researchers conducted a retrospective observational study using electronic health record data from a US health system to assess the association between nonsurgical weight loss and the risk for cancer among adults with obesity.
- The inclusion criteria were age of ≥ 20 years, BMI > 30, and at least seven health system visits over 3 years. Patients with a history of alcohol or substance abuse, amputations, HIV infection, organ transplant, thyroid problems, or those who underwent bariatric surgery were excluded.
- The 143,630 patients who met inclusion criteria (7703 cancer cases and 135,927 controls) were divided into 3 cohorts based on weight change over time intervals of 3 years (115,942 patients), 5 years (105,472 patients), and 10 years (59,112 patients).
- Primary endpoints included obesity-related cancers (esophageal cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, endometrial cancer, multiple myeloma, and postmenopausal breast cancer), and secondary endpoints included all malignant neoplasms.
TAKEAWAY:
- Each 1% reduction in BMI was associated with reduced odds of obesity-related cancers at 3 years and 5 years (odds ratio [OR], 0.99 and 0.989, respectively; P < .001 for both). These results translate to 5% weight loss corresponding to 4.9% and 5.4% reductions in obesity-related cancer odds at 3 and 5 years, respectively.
- Weight loss was associated with reduced odds of endometrial cancer at 3, 5, and 10 years (OR, 0.978; P < .05), of renal cell carcinoma at 3 and 5 years (OR, 0.983; P < .05), and of multiple myeloma at 10 years (OR, 0.969; P = .004).
- Weight loss was also associated with reduced odds of developing any malignancy at 3 years (OR, 0.992), 5 years (OR, 0.994), and 10 years (OR, 0.991; P = .001 for all). These results translate into a 5% weight loss corresponding to 3.9%, 3%, and 4.4% lower odds of any malignancy at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively.
IN PRACTICE:
"Real-world weight loss was associated with a decreased risk of developing obesity-related cancers and all other cancers. Our study serves as a call for action and a strong public health message to healthcare stakeholders to intensify efforts and resources to treat obesity as a chronic disease to help reduce the risk of developing cancer," the author wrote.
SOURCE:
This study, led by endocrinologist Kenda Alkwatli, MD, Starling Physicians, Wethersfield, Connecticut, was published online in Obesity.
LIMITATIONS:
The study included only individuals with sufficient longitudinal health records, which may have introduced selection bias. It could not distinguish between intentional and unintentional weight loss or differentiate between fat and lean mass. Due to its observational nature, the study could not assess whether weight loss preceding cancer diagnosis was related to delay in diagnosis.
DISCLOSURES:
The study was funded in part by the Cleveland Clinic Center for Quantitative Metabolic Research. Three authors reported receiving research funding, consulting fees, honoraria, grants, or research support and holding patent applications, license agreements, leadership roles, or equity in healthcare and biotechnology companies.
This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.
A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com.
Weight Loss May Cut Cancer Risk in Adults With Obesity
Weight Loss May Cut Cancer Risk in Adults With Obesity