Office-Based Treatment Effective for Opioid Dependence

Major Finding: Office-based buprenorphine/naloxone treatment was associated with a statistically significant decrease in participants reporting illegal activity, from 19% to 2%, and in interacting with the legal system, from 16% to 1%.

Data Source: A secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial of 166 opioid-addicted individuals treated with buprenorphine/naloxone in a primary care clinic.

Disclosures: Dr. Fiellin reported no relevant financial conflicts of interest.

MINNEAPOLIS — Opioid-dependent patients with a history of incarceration do well with office-based buprenorphine/naloxone therapy and have fewer interactions over time with the legal and criminal justice systems, according to a data analysis of a previous randomized, controlled trial.

“Our findings should offer some reassurance for community health care providers about initiating buprenorphine/naloxone treatment in the office setting,” Dr. David Fiellin reported.

Dr. Fiellin, along with lead investigator Dr. Emily Wang and colleagues at Yale University, New Haven, Conn., performed a secondary data analysis of a previous trial of three levels of psychosocial counseling and medication dispensing along with buprenorphine/naloxone maintenance treatment in a primary care clinic (N. Engl. J. Med. 2006;355:365-74). The researchers compared demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes for 166 adults receiving primary care–based buprenorphine/naloxone treatment, stratifying by history of incarceration as determined by the legal domain of the Addiction Severity Index.

Of the 166 patients, 52 had previously been incarcerated, Dr. Fiellin reported. Former inmates were more likely than other patients to be older, male, an ethnic minority, and unemployed. Also, they were more likely to have long histories of opioid dependence, have received methadone treatment, and have hepatitis C infection. The mean dose of buprenorphine/naloxone was 18.0 mg.

Among the previously incarcerated patients, the mean consecutive weeks of opioid abstinence was 6.2 based on opioid-negative urine samples. For other patients, it was 5.9 weeks. Mean treatment duration was 17.9 weeks and 17.6 weeks. The percentage of previously incarcerated patients completing treatment was 38%; for other patients, it was 46%.

Among patients who remained in treatment, a subsequent longitudinal analysis of self-reported illegal activity and interactions with the legal and criminal justice systems, conducted at 4-week intervals, showed that “office-based buprenorphine/naloxone treatment was associated with a statistically significant decrease in participants reporting illegal activity, from 19% to 2%, and in interactions with the legal system, from 16% to 1%,” Dr. Fiellin said.

“Approximately 25% of all of those dependent on heroin pass through the criminal justice system each year,” Dr. Fiellin commented. Correctional facilities provide an obvious opportunity to engage opioid-dependent individuals with treatment.

“Unfortunately, less than 0.5% of all opioid-dependent individuals receive treatment while incarcerated, and as such they are more likely to connect with services in office-based programs upon release,” he said.

Major Finding: Office-based buprenorphine/naloxone treatment was associated with a statistically significant decrease in participants reporting illegal activity, from 19% to 2%, and in interacting with the legal system, from 16% to 1%.

Data Source: A secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial of 166 opioid-addicted individuals treated with buprenorphine/naloxone in a primary care clinic.

Disclosures: Dr. Fiellin reported no relevant financial conflicts of interest.

MINNEAPOLIS — Opioid-dependent patients with a history of incarceration do well with office-based buprenorphine/naloxone therapy and have fewer interactions over time with the legal and criminal justice systems, according to a data analysis of a previous randomized, controlled trial.

“Our findings should offer some reassurance for community health care providers about initiating buprenorphine/naloxone treatment in the office setting,” Dr. David Fiellin reported.

Dr. Fiellin, along with lead investigator Dr. Emily Wang and colleagues at Yale University, New Haven, Conn., performed a secondary data analysis of a previous trial of three levels of psychosocial counseling and medication dispensing along with buprenorphine/naloxone maintenance treatment in a primary care clinic (N. Engl. J. Med. 2006;355:365-74). The researchers compared demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes for 166 adults receiving primary care–based buprenorphine/naloxone treatment, stratifying by history of incarceration as determined by the legal domain of the Addiction Severity Index.

Of the 166 patients, 52 had previously been incarcerated, Dr. Fiellin reported. Former inmates were more likely than other patients to be older, male, an ethnic minority, and unemployed. Also, they were more likely to have long histories of opioid dependence, have received methadone treatment, and have hepatitis C infection. The mean dose of buprenorphine/naloxone was 18.0 mg.

Among the previously incarcerated patients, the mean consecutive weeks of opioid abstinence was 6.2 based on opioid-negative urine samples. For other patients, it was 5.9 weeks. Mean treatment duration was 17.9 weeks and 17.6 weeks. The percentage of previously incarcerated patients completing treatment was 38%; for other patients, it was 46%.

Among patients who remained in treatment, a subsequent longitudinal analysis of self-reported illegal activity and interactions with the legal and criminal justice systems, conducted at 4-week intervals, showed that “office-based buprenorphine/naloxone treatment was associated with a statistically significant decrease in participants reporting illegal activity, from 19% to 2%, and in interactions with the legal system, from 16% to 1%,” Dr. Fiellin said.

“Approximately 25% of all of those dependent on heroin pass through the criminal justice system each year,” Dr. Fiellin commented. Correctional facilities provide an obvious opportunity to engage opioid-dependent individuals with treatment.

“Unfortunately, less than 0.5% of all opioid-dependent individuals receive treatment while incarcerated, and as such they are more likely to connect with services in office-based programs upon release,” he said.

Major Finding: Office-based buprenorphine/naloxone treatment was associated with a statistically significant decrease in participants reporting illegal activity, from 19% to 2%, and in interacting with the legal system, from 16% to 1%.

Data Source: A secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial of 166 opioid-addicted individuals treated with buprenorphine/naloxone in a primary care clinic.

Disclosures: Dr. Fiellin reported no relevant financial conflicts of interest.

MINNEAPOLIS — Opioid-dependent patients with a history of incarceration do well with office-based buprenorphine/naloxone therapy and have fewer interactions over time with the legal and criminal justice systems, according to a data analysis of a previous randomized, controlled trial.

“Our findings should offer some reassurance for community health care providers about initiating buprenorphine/naloxone treatment in the office setting,” Dr. David Fiellin reported.

Dr. Fiellin, along with lead investigator Dr. Emily Wang and colleagues at Yale University, New Haven, Conn., performed a secondary data analysis of a previous trial of three levels of psychosocial counseling and medication dispensing along with buprenorphine/naloxone maintenance treatment in a primary care clinic (N. Engl. J. Med. 2006;355:365-74). The researchers compared demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes for 166 adults receiving primary care–based buprenorphine/naloxone treatment, stratifying by history of incarceration as determined by the legal domain of the Addiction Severity Index.

Of the 166 patients, 52 had previously been incarcerated, Dr. Fiellin reported. Former inmates were more likely than other patients to be older, male, an ethnic minority, and unemployed. Also, they were more likely to have long histories of opioid dependence, have received methadone treatment, and have hepatitis C infection. The mean dose of buprenorphine/naloxone was 18.0 mg.

Among the previously incarcerated patients, the mean consecutive weeks of opioid abstinence was 6.2 based on opioid-negative urine samples. For other patients, it was 5.9 weeks. Mean treatment duration was 17.9 weeks and 17.6 weeks. The percentage of previously incarcerated patients completing treatment was 38%; for other patients, it was 46%.

Among patients who remained in treatment, a subsequent longitudinal analysis of self-reported illegal activity and interactions with the legal and criminal justice systems, conducted at 4-week intervals, showed that “office-based buprenorphine/naloxone treatment was associated with a statistically significant decrease in participants reporting illegal activity, from 19% to 2%, and in interactions with the legal system, from 16% to 1%,” Dr. Fiellin said.

“Approximately 25% of all of those dependent on heroin pass through the criminal justice system each year,” Dr. Fiellin commented. Correctional facilities provide an obvious opportunity to engage opioid-dependent individuals with treatment.

“Unfortunately, less than 0.5% of all opioid-dependent individuals receive treatment while incarcerated, and as such they are more likely to connect with services in office-based programs upon release,” he said.