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APA, ABPN, and Maintenance of Certification: Stop this MOCkery
Editor’s note: Readers’ Forum is a department for correspondence from readers that is not in response to articles published in
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) is entrusted with assuring that upon graduation every resident is a competent doctor, a trained professional, and prepared to practice in their own field at a level that assures patient safety and meets the standard of care. The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) is a private company that sells certificates claiming to attest the capacity or competence of the doctor but does not make public the test questions or algorithms used to win its qualifications or approval. The certifying business and the newer Maintenance of Certification (MOC) process developed by ABPN have unfortunately been embraced by ACGME and many hospitals, despite the lack of any good scientific support that board certification or MOC are meaningful for quality of patient care or outcomes. By that I mean there is no evidence that the voluntary board certification process or MOC have been shown to produce better outcomes for patients, save money for the country drowning in an ocean of health care costs, or allow doctors to get paid at a higher level by insurers for the same billing codes compared with those who bill without possessing these qualifications. The only entity that “profits” from the board certification/MOC process is ABPN, a private corporation that is supposed to be a nonprofit, but was sitting on a treasury of more than $140M in assets in 2019,1 with revenues growing annually. Including the interest earned on the investment and added revenues every year, the estimated total assets of ABPN will be in the range of $150M at the end of 2021!
Collaboration between ACGME and ABPN
The collaboration between ACGME and ABPN for graduate education for designing training programs for residents and fellows, with progressively increasing competencies and their assessments to dovetail with the board examinations offered by ABPN, sounds very legitimate. This arrangement is designed to enhance the quality of training and establish a minimum level of competence in each trainee who completes the training program. However, ACGME is catering to a monopoly recognized by the US Department of Justice (DOJ) Antitrust Division.2 ACGME has not entertained other evaluators of competence to discourage competition to the monopolistic ABPN. ACGME is only involved with the accredited training programs and has no business in assessing the continued competence of graduated trainees after they leave the program, although most will voluntarily opt to become board-certified by ABPN. Maintenance of Certification definitely does not come within the purview of “graduate medical education” for ACGME to be getting drawn into this collaboration.
ACGME and ABPN are unregulated and are not member-driven. As such, they operate outside of any real oversight. Their power derives from the status given to them by hospitals, some insurers, and many of our colleagues, who fail to see the reality that they are nothing more than diploma shops.
I am board-certified in psychiatry and child and adolescent psychiatry, and I have participated in obtaining board certification by ABPN in 3 other subspecialties (geriatric, addiction, and forensic). I decided to not participate in MOC for the latter 3 subspecialty certifications beyond 10 and 20 years for my own practical reasons. Obviously, then, I am not at all against initial certifications in any specialty, nor am I opposed to practitioners keeping up with progress in their fields and maintaining their competence. I am opposed to the continued efforts to engage professionals to pay a high price for the repeated MOC, riding on the hard work and earnings of the graduated specialists and continuously suctioning their income over their careers, with no evidence that MOC measures clinical competence or patient outcomes of their subscribers, who pay a chunk of money to the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS)/ABPN annually and every 10 years.
MOC and the APA
Many American Psychiatric Association (APA) members are opposed to the APA giving ABPN a piggyback ride to accomplish this profit seeking. This is becoming obvious to many APA members, who see this as a great exploitation.
Over the last 6 years, physicians have begun to question the validity of board certification and MOC by ABPN, mostly as a response to ever-increasing costs to them and ever-increasing revenues to ABPN. While APA members have long pressed the APA to push back against ABPN, the APA Board of Trustees has done the opposite by accepting yearly “unrestricted educational grants” from ABPN. In this manner, ABPN has essentially silenced the APA and has made it ineffective as our member organization in what has become a fight against ABPN’s unchecked power, influence, and intrusion. Every poll conducted by every APA District Branch or subspecialty organization has shown widespread discontent and anger at the ABPN/MOC process and APA’s deliberate inaction. Even when the APA commissioned its own member survey on the topic, wrote the questions, picked who would get the survey, decided which responses to count, and determined what statistics to apply, the results were damning. Despite its obviously transparent machinations, the APA failed to glorify the MOC process.
Continue to: The APA's membership...
The APA’s membership is declining, and the Board of Trustee’s position on MOC is partly to blame. The APA is once again not listening to its members! As a membership-driven organization, the APA must not exclusively support and promote this commercial educational product termed MOC when other, less expensive alternatives are now available. The APA can easily endorse these alternatives, in addition to offering its own less expensive products for attesting maintenance of competence. The latter effort will help eliminate the monopoly held by ABMS/ABPN in this domain and please all members as well as the DOJ.
The APA’s failure to provide less expensive alternatives or at least endorse existing ones despite repeated requests from a large number of APA members has led to frustration and a surge of strong feelings that are expressed on the APA email listservs, and especially that of the MOC caucus. These expressions are legitimate and need to be publicized to the general membership. I have collected the opinions of various loyal, long-standing APA members and put together a separate, yet-unpublished article to drive home the point that APA has resisted breaking the monopoly of ABPN, which the DOJ would encourage organizations such as the APA to do. Instead, APA is acting as an enabler to ABPN to create a multi-million dollar (and eventually a billion dollar) monopolistic industry at their members’ expense, literally endangering the careers of members if they fail to participate when employed by institutions that overvalue the MOC offered by ABPN.
I believe the recent exhibition of “collaboration” between the APA and ABPN is not similar to that between ACGME and ABPN, but is a most blatant effort on the part of the APA to help ABPN build a billion-dollar educational industry over the next 10 to 15 years. One can easily lose sight of this and get lost in the intricacies of how candidates can maintain their competency by obtaining free CME credits. The APA is distracting its members by citing this. They will continue to pay a high price for certification and recertification, with no real discount.
Most of the APA’s 38,000 members are in the dark about the above-mentioned process. They need to do their own research, especially when there are alternatives to the ABPN’s MOC program. They need to insist that the APA stop exclusively promoting ABPN products, and publicize other, much cheaper, alternatives. It will please all APA members to see the ABPN’s monopoly vanish. This is especially the case for younger psychiatrists, who average nearly $250,000 in educational loans. They need to prevent the APA/ABPN collaboration from having a far-reaching effect on their careers and finances, with potentially destructive consequences for their families, employers and—most importantly—their patients. Even some state licensing boards are being tempted to buy into the illusion.
Stop this MOCkery.
1. ProPublica. American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. Accessed July 16, 2021. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/410654864
2. US Department of Justice, Antitrust Division. Comments on Maryland House Bill 857. Published September 10, 2018. Accessed July 16, 2021. https://www.justice.gov/atr/page/file/1092791/download
Editor’s note: Readers’ Forum is a department for correspondence from readers that is not in response to articles published in
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) is entrusted with assuring that upon graduation every resident is a competent doctor, a trained professional, and prepared to practice in their own field at a level that assures patient safety and meets the standard of care. The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) is a private company that sells certificates claiming to attest the capacity or competence of the doctor but does not make public the test questions or algorithms used to win its qualifications or approval. The certifying business and the newer Maintenance of Certification (MOC) process developed by ABPN have unfortunately been embraced by ACGME and many hospitals, despite the lack of any good scientific support that board certification or MOC are meaningful for quality of patient care or outcomes. By that I mean there is no evidence that the voluntary board certification process or MOC have been shown to produce better outcomes for patients, save money for the country drowning in an ocean of health care costs, or allow doctors to get paid at a higher level by insurers for the same billing codes compared with those who bill without possessing these qualifications. The only entity that “profits” from the board certification/MOC process is ABPN, a private corporation that is supposed to be a nonprofit, but was sitting on a treasury of more than $140M in assets in 2019,1 with revenues growing annually. Including the interest earned on the investment and added revenues every year, the estimated total assets of ABPN will be in the range of $150M at the end of 2021!
Collaboration between ACGME and ABPN
The collaboration between ACGME and ABPN for graduate education for designing training programs for residents and fellows, with progressively increasing competencies and their assessments to dovetail with the board examinations offered by ABPN, sounds very legitimate. This arrangement is designed to enhance the quality of training and establish a minimum level of competence in each trainee who completes the training program. However, ACGME is catering to a monopoly recognized by the US Department of Justice (DOJ) Antitrust Division.2 ACGME has not entertained other evaluators of competence to discourage competition to the monopolistic ABPN. ACGME is only involved with the accredited training programs and has no business in assessing the continued competence of graduated trainees after they leave the program, although most will voluntarily opt to become board-certified by ABPN. Maintenance of Certification definitely does not come within the purview of “graduate medical education” for ACGME to be getting drawn into this collaboration.
ACGME and ABPN are unregulated and are not member-driven. As such, they operate outside of any real oversight. Their power derives from the status given to them by hospitals, some insurers, and many of our colleagues, who fail to see the reality that they are nothing more than diploma shops.
I am board-certified in psychiatry and child and adolescent psychiatry, and I have participated in obtaining board certification by ABPN in 3 other subspecialties (geriatric, addiction, and forensic). I decided to not participate in MOC for the latter 3 subspecialty certifications beyond 10 and 20 years for my own practical reasons. Obviously, then, I am not at all against initial certifications in any specialty, nor am I opposed to practitioners keeping up with progress in their fields and maintaining their competence. I am opposed to the continued efforts to engage professionals to pay a high price for the repeated MOC, riding on the hard work and earnings of the graduated specialists and continuously suctioning their income over their careers, with no evidence that MOC measures clinical competence or patient outcomes of their subscribers, who pay a chunk of money to the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS)/ABPN annually and every 10 years.
MOC and the APA
Many American Psychiatric Association (APA) members are opposed to the APA giving ABPN a piggyback ride to accomplish this profit seeking. This is becoming obvious to many APA members, who see this as a great exploitation.
Over the last 6 years, physicians have begun to question the validity of board certification and MOC by ABPN, mostly as a response to ever-increasing costs to them and ever-increasing revenues to ABPN. While APA members have long pressed the APA to push back against ABPN, the APA Board of Trustees has done the opposite by accepting yearly “unrestricted educational grants” from ABPN. In this manner, ABPN has essentially silenced the APA and has made it ineffective as our member organization in what has become a fight against ABPN’s unchecked power, influence, and intrusion. Every poll conducted by every APA District Branch or subspecialty organization has shown widespread discontent and anger at the ABPN/MOC process and APA’s deliberate inaction. Even when the APA commissioned its own member survey on the topic, wrote the questions, picked who would get the survey, decided which responses to count, and determined what statistics to apply, the results were damning. Despite its obviously transparent machinations, the APA failed to glorify the MOC process.
Continue to: The APA's membership...
The APA’s membership is declining, and the Board of Trustee’s position on MOC is partly to blame. The APA is once again not listening to its members! As a membership-driven organization, the APA must not exclusively support and promote this commercial educational product termed MOC when other, less expensive alternatives are now available. The APA can easily endorse these alternatives, in addition to offering its own less expensive products for attesting maintenance of competence. The latter effort will help eliminate the monopoly held by ABMS/ABPN in this domain and please all members as well as the DOJ.
The APA’s failure to provide less expensive alternatives or at least endorse existing ones despite repeated requests from a large number of APA members has led to frustration and a surge of strong feelings that are expressed on the APA email listservs, and especially that of the MOC caucus. These expressions are legitimate and need to be publicized to the general membership. I have collected the opinions of various loyal, long-standing APA members and put together a separate, yet-unpublished article to drive home the point that APA has resisted breaking the monopoly of ABPN, which the DOJ would encourage organizations such as the APA to do. Instead, APA is acting as an enabler to ABPN to create a multi-million dollar (and eventually a billion dollar) monopolistic industry at their members’ expense, literally endangering the careers of members if they fail to participate when employed by institutions that overvalue the MOC offered by ABPN.
I believe the recent exhibition of “collaboration” between the APA and ABPN is not similar to that between ACGME and ABPN, but is a most blatant effort on the part of the APA to help ABPN build a billion-dollar educational industry over the next 10 to 15 years. One can easily lose sight of this and get lost in the intricacies of how candidates can maintain their competency by obtaining free CME credits. The APA is distracting its members by citing this. They will continue to pay a high price for certification and recertification, with no real discount.
Most of the APA’s 38,000 members are in the dark about the above-mentioned process. They need to do their own research, especially when there are alternatives to the ABPN’s MOC program. They need to insist that the APA stop exclusively promoting ABPN products, and publicize other, much cheaper, alternatives. It will please all APA members to see the ABPN’s monopoly vanish. This is especially the case for younger psychiatrists, who average nearly $250,000 in educational loans. They need to prevent the APA/ABPN collaboration from having a far-reaching effect on their careers and finances, with potentially destructive consequences for their families, employers and—most importantly—their patients. Even some state licensing boards are being tempted to buy into the illusion.
Stop this MOCkery.
Editor’s note: Readers’ Forum is a department for correspondence from readers that is not in response to articles published in
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) is entrusted with assuring that upon graduation every resident is a competent doctor, a trained professional, and prepared to practice in their own field at a level that assures patient safety and meets the standard of care. The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) is a private company that sells certificates claiming to attest the capacity or competence of the doctor but does not make public the test questions or algorithms used to win its qualifications or approval. The certifying business and the newer Maintenance of Certification (MOC) process developed by ABPN have unfortunately been embraced by ACGME and many hospitals, despite the lack of any good scientific support that board certification or MOC are meaningful for quality of patient care or outcomes. By that I mean there is no evidence that the voluntary board certification process or MOC have been shown to produce better outcomes for patients, save money for the country drowning in an ocean of health care costs, or allow doctors to get paid at a higher level by insurers for the same billing codes compared with those who bill without possessing these qualifications. The only entity that “profits” from the board certification/MOC process is ABPN, a private corporation that is supposed to be a nonprofit, but was sitting on a treasury of more than $140M in assets in 2019,1 with revenues growing annually. Including the interest earned on the investment and added revenues every year, the estimated total assets of ABPN will be in the range of $150M at the end of 2021!
Collaboration between ACGME and ABPN
The collaboration between ACGME and ABPN for graduate education for designing training programs for residents and fellows, with progressively increasing competencies and their assessments to dovetail with the board examinations offered by ABPN, sounds very legitimate. This arrangement is designed to enhance the quality of training and establish a minimum level of competence in each trainee who completes the training program. However, ACGME is catering to a monopoly recognized by the US Department of Justice (DOJ) Antitrust Division.2 ACGME has not entertained other evaluators of competence to discourage competition to the monopolistic ABPN. ACGME is only involved with the accredited training programs and has no business in assessing the continued competence of graduated trainees after they leave the program, although most will voluntarily opt to become board-certified by ABPN. Maintenance of Certification definitely does not come within the purview of “graduate medical education” for ACGME to be getting drawn into this collaboration.
ACGME and ABPN are unregulated and are not member-driven. As such, they operate outside of any real oversight. Their power derives from the status given to them by hospitals, some insurers, and many of our colleagues, who fail to see the reality that they are nothing more than diploma shops.
I am board-certified in psychiatry and child and adolescent psychiatry, and I have participated in obtaining board certification by ABPN in 3 other subspecialties (geriatric, addiction, and forensic). I decided to not participate in MOC for the latter 3 subspecialty certifications beyond 10 and 20 years for my own practical reasons. Obviously, then, I am not at all against initial certifications in any specialty, nor am I opposed to practitioners keeping up with progress in their fields and maintaining their competence. I am opposed to the continued efforts to engage professionals to pay a high price for the repeated MOC, riding on the hard work and earnings of the graduated specialists and continuously suctioning their income over their careers, with no evidence that MOC measures clinical competence or patient outcomes of their subscribers, who pay a chunk of money to the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS)/ABPN annually and every 10 years.
MOC and the APA
Many American Psychiatric Association (APA) members are opposed to the APA giving ABPN a piggyback ride to accomplish this profit seeking. This is becoming obvious to many APA members, who see this as a great exploitation.
Over the last 6 years, physicians have begun to question the validity of board certification and MOC by ABPN, mostly as a response to ever-increasing costs to them and ever-increasing revenues to ABPN. While APA members have long pressed the APA to push back against ABPN, the APA Board of Trustees has done the opposite by accepting yearly “unrestricted educational grants” from ABPN. In this manner, ABPN has essentially silenced the APA and has made it ineffective as our member organization in what has become a fight against ABPN’s unchecked power, influence, and intrusion. Every poll conducted by every APA District Branch or subspecialty organization has shown widespread discontent and anger at the ABPN/MOC process and APA’s deliberate inaction. Even when the APA commissioned its own member survey on the topic, wrote the questions, picked who would get the survey, decided which responses to count, and determined what statistics to apply, the results were damning. Despite its obviously transparent machinations, the APA failed to glorify the MOC process.
Continue to: The APA's membership...
The APA’s membership is declining, and the Board of Trustee’s position on MOC is partly to blame. The APA is once again not listening to its members! As a membership-driven organization, the APA must not exclusively support and promote this commercial educational product termed MOC when other, less expensive alternatives are now available. The APA can easily endorse these alternatives, in addition to offering its own less expensive products for attesting maintenance of competence. The latter effort will help eliminate the monopoly held by ABMS/ABPN in this domain and please all members as well as the DOJ.
The APA’s failure to provide less expensive alternatives or at least endorse existing ones despite repeated requests from a large number of APA members has led to frustration and a surge of strong feelings that are expressed on the APA email listservs, and especially that of the MOC caucus. These expressions are legitimate and need to be publicized to the general membership. I have collected the opinions of various loyal, long-standing APA members and put together a separate, yet-unpublished article to drive home the point that APA has resisted breaking the monopoly of ABPN, which the DOJ would encourage organizations such as the APA to do. Instead, APA is acting as an enabler to ABPN to create a multi-million dollar (and eventually a billion dollar) monopolistic industry at their members’ expense, literally endangering the careers of members if they fail to participate when employed by institutions that overvalue the MOC offered by ABPN.
I believe the recent exhibition of “collaboration” between the APA and ABPN is not similar to that between ACGME and ABPN, but is a most blatant effort on the part of the APA to help ABPN build a billion-dollar educational industry over the next 10 to 15 years. One can easily lose sight of this and get lost in the intricacies of how candidates can maintain their competency by obtaining free CME credits. The APA is distracting its members by citing this. They will continue to pay a high price for certification and recertification, with no real discount.
Most of the APA’s 38,000 members are in the dark about the above-mentioned process. They need to do their own research, especially when there are alternatives to the ABPN’s MOC program. They need to insist that the APA stop exclusively promoting ABPN products, and publicize other, much cheaper, alternatives. It will please all APA members to see the ABPN’s monopoly vanish. This is especially the case for younger psychiatrists, who average nearly $250,000 in educational loans. They need to prevent the APA/ABPN collaboration from having a far-reaching effect on their careers and finances, with potentially destructive consequences for their families, employers and—most importantly—their patients. Even some state licensing boards are being tempted to buy into the illusion.
Stop this MOCkery.
1. ProPublica. American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. Accessed July 16, 2021. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/410654864
2. US Department of Justice, Antitrust Division. Comments on Maryland House Bill 857. Published September 10, 2018. Accessed July 16, 2021. https://www.justice.gov/atr/page/file/1092791/download
1. ProPublica. American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. Accessed July 16, 2021. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/410654864
2. US Department of Justice, Antitrust Division. Comments on Maryland House Bill 857. Published September 10, 2018. Accessed July 16, 2021. https://www.justice.gov/atr/page/file/1092791/download