Prostate Cancer

Key clinical point: Nivolumab plus docetaxel shows good response in patients with chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Major finding: The confirmed overall response rate was 40%. The median time to objective response was 2 months, and the median response duration was 7 months. The confirmed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 50-response rate (50% or higher decline in PSA) was 46.9%.

Study details: A phase 2, nonrandomized CheckMate 9KD trial of 84 patients with chemotherapy-naive mCRPC who received androgen deprivation therapy and ≤2 prior novel hormonal therapies and were treated with nivolumab and docetaxel with prednisone followed by nivolumab maintenance for ≤2 years.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS). The authors reported receiving consulting/advisory/speaker fees, travel accommodations, expenses, honoraria, and research funding from various sources. Some authors were employed by/owned stocks in BMS.

Source: Fizazi K et al. Eur J Cancer. 2021 Nov 18. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.09.043.

Key clinical point: Nivolumab plus docetaxel shows good response in patients with chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Major finding: The confirmed overall response rate was 40%. The median time to objective response was 2 months, and the median response duration was 7 months. The confirmed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 50-response rate (50% or higher decline in PSA) was 46.9%.

Study details: A phase 2, nonrandomized CheckMate 9KD trial of 84 patients with chemotherapy-naive mCRPC who received androgen deprivation therapy and ≤2 prior novel hormonal therapies and were treated with nivolumab and docetaxel with prednisone followed by nivolumab maintenance for ≤2 years.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS). The authors reported receiving consulting/advisory/speaker fees, travel accommodations, expenses, honoraria, and research funding from various sources. Some authors were employed by/owned stocks in BMS.

Source: Fizazi K et al. Eur J Cancer. 2021 Nov 18. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.09.043.

Key clinical point: Nivolumab plus docetaxel shows good response in patients with chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Major finding: The confirmed overall response rate was 40%. The median time to objective response was 2 months, and the median response duration was 7 months. The confirmed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 50-response rate (50% or higher decline in PSA) was 46.9%.

Study details: A phase 2, nonrandomized CheckMate 9KD trial of 84 patients with chemotherapy-naive mCRPC who received androgen deprivation therapy and ≤2 prior novel hormonal therapies and were treated with nivolumab and docetaxel with prednisone followed by nivolumab maintenance for ≤2 years.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS). The authors reported receiving consulting/advisory/speaker fees, travel accommodations, expenses, honoraria, and research funding from various sources. Some authors were employed by/owned stocks in BMS.

Source: Fizazi K et al. Eur J Cancer. 2021 Nov 18. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.09.043.

            Racial and ethnic disparities in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment are well recognized. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of a diagnostic approach for people with elevated PSA may decrease unnecessary biopsies or better direct biopsies based on results, and its use is increasing significantly. Abashidze et al examined Medicare claims between 2011 and 2017 to determine if racial disparities were present with respect to the use of prostate MRI. Compared with White men, Black, Asian, and Hispanic men were less likely to have a prostate MRI within 180 days after an elevated PSA (results stratified at 2.5, 4, or 10 ng/mL). The differences were most pronounced for patients with a PSA at 4 ng/mL or higher. The results suggest that providers should be aware of potential system and individual factors that influence racial and ethnic disparities in the use of prostate MRI.

            Studies designed to evaluate germline and somatic genomic abnormalities in prostate cancer have come to the forefront in the last decade. Lynch syndrome is an inherited cancer syndrome of abnormalities in at least one of the commonly recognized mismatch repair genes: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2. While testing for mismatch repair deficiency is recommended in the advanced setting where systemic therapy is being considered, such testing outside of known family history is unclear in the setting of screening for prostate cancer. Bancroft et al compared PSA levels (and prostate cancer incidence) as part of baseline screening between carriers of one of mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6) and non-carrier controls. Carriers of MLH1 and MSH6 variants had a higher incidence of prostate cancer compared with controls. While not yet recommended for standard practice, further studies will be needed to verify these compelling results.

            Racial and ethnic disparities in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment are well recognized. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of a diagnostic approach for people with elevated PSA may decrease unnecessary biopsies or better direct biopsies based on results, and its use is increasing significantly. Abashidze et al examined Medicare claims between 2011 and 2017 to determine if racial disparities were present with respect to the use of prostate MRI. Compared with White men, Black, Asian, and Hispanic men were less likely to have a prostate MRI within 180 days after an elevated PSA (results stratified at 2.5, 4, or 10 ng/mL). The differences were most pronounced for patients with a PSA at 4 ng/mL or higher. The results suggest that providers should be aware of potential system and individual factors that influence racial and ethnic disparities in the use of prostate MRI.

            Studies designed to evaluate germline and somatic genomic abnormalities in prostate cancer have come to the forefront in the last decade. Lynch syndrome is an inherited cancer syndrome of abnormalities in at least one of the commonly recognized mismatch repair genes: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2. While testing for mismatch repair deficiency is recommended in the advanced setting where systemic therapy is being considered, such testing outside of known family history is unclear in the setting of screening for prostate cancer. Bancroft et al compared PSA levels (and prostate cancer incidence) as part of baseline screening between carriers of one of mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6) and non-carrier controls. Carriers of MLH1 and MSH6 variants had a higher incidence of prostate cancer compared with controls. While not yet recommended for standard practice, further studies will be needed to verify these compelling results.

            Racial and ethnic disparities in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment are well recognized. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of a diagnostic approach for people with elevated PSA may decrease unnecessary biopsies or better direct biopsies based on results, and its use is increasing significantly. Abashidze et al examined Medicare claims between 2011 and 2017 to determine if racial disparities were present with respect to the use of prostate MRI. Compared with White men, Black, Asian, and Hispanic men were less likely to have a prostate MRI within 180 days after an elevated PSA (results stratified at 2.5, 4, or 10 ng/mL). The differences were most pronounced for patients with a PSA at 4 ng/mL or higher. The results suggest that providers should be aware of potential system and individual factors that influence racial and ethnic disparities in the use of prostate MRI.

            Studies designed to evaluate germline and somatic genomic abnormalities in prostate cancer have come to the forefront in the last decade. Lynch syndrome is an inherited cancer syndrome of abnormalities in at least one of the commonly recognized mismatch repair genes: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2. While testing for mismatch repair deficiency is recommended in the advanced setting where systemic therapy is being considered, such testing outside of known family history is unclear in the setting of screening for prostate cancer. Bancroft et al compared PSA levels (and prostate cancer incidence) as part of baseline screening between carriers of one of mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6) and non-carrier controls. Carriers of MLH1 and MSH6 variants had a higher incidence of prostate cancer compared with controls. While not yet recommended for standard practice, further studies will be needed to verify these compelling results.

Key clinical point: A significant improvement in overall survival is seen in chemotherapy-naïve Black vs White patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who received abiraterone or enzalutamide.

Major finding: The median follow-up was 19.0 and 18.7 months in Black and White patients, respectively. The overall survival was significantly longer in Black vs White patients (hazard ratio, 0.67; P <.0001).

Study details: A retrospective study of 2,910 patients with mCRPC from the Veterans Health Administration database who received enzalutamide or abiraterone after castration between April 2014 and March 2017.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. and Astellas Pharma, Inc. The authors received grants, personal/consulting fees, and nonfinancial support outside this work. Some authors were being employed and/or held stocks in various pharmaceutical companies.

Source: George DJ et al. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021 Nov 3. doi: 10.1038/s41391-021-00463-9.

Key clinical point: A significant improvement in overall survival is seen in chemotherapy-naïve Black vs White patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who received abiraterone or enzalutamide.

Major finding: The median follow-up was 19.0 and 18.7 months in Black and White patients, respectively. The overall survival was significantly longer in Black vs White patients (hazard ratio, 0.67; P <.0001).

Study details: A retrospective study of 2,910 patients with mCRPC from the Veterans Health Administration database who received enzalutamide or abiraterone after castration between April 2014 and March 2017.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. and Astellas Pharma, Inc. The authors received grants, personal/consulting fees, and nonfinancial support outside this work. Some authors were being employed and/or held stocks in various pharmaceutical companies.

Source: George DJ et al. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021 Nov 3. doi: 10.1038/s41391-021-00463-9.

Key clinical point: A significant improvement in overall survival is seen in chemotherapy-naïve Black vs White patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who received abiraterone or enzalutamide.

Major finding: The median follow-up was 19.0 and 18.7 months in Black and White patients, respectively. The overall survival was significantly longer in Black vs White patients (hazard ratio, 0.67; P <.0001).

Study details: A retrospective study of 2,910 patients with mCRPC from the Veterans Health Administration database who received enzalutamide or abiraterone after castration between April 2014 and March 2017.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. and Astellas Pharma, Inc. The authors received grants, personal/consulting fees, and nonfinancial support outside this work. Some authors were being employed and/or held stocks in various pharmaceutical companies.

Source: George DJ et al. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021 Nov 3. doi: 10.1038/s41391-021-00463-9.

Key clinical point: Androgen receptor amplification (ARamp) status is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who receive novel hormonal treatment (NHT) but not in those treated with taxanes.

Major finding: Patients with ARamp or PTEN aberrations (PTENalt) vs those without had worse relative PSA response with NHT vs taxanes. The presence of ARamp, PTENalt, or RB1 aberrations was associated with worse time to next treatment and overall survival with NHT without affecting clinical benefit from taxane therapy.

Study details: A retrospective study of 308 patients with mCRPC who received treatment between 2011 and 2020.

Disclosures: This work was sponsored by Foundation Medicine. Some authors disclosed employment with Foundation Medicine and/or stock ownership in Roche. The authors received speaker/consulting/ advisory fees, research funding, and/or honoraria outside this work.

Source: Graf RP et al. Eur Urol. 2021 Oct 26. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.09.030.

Key clinical point: Androgen receptor amplification (ARamp) status is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who receive novel hormonal treatment (NHT) but not in those treated with taxanes.

Major finding: Patients with ARamp or PTEN aberrations (PTENalt) vs those without had worse relative PSA response with NHT vs taxanes. The presence of ARamp, PTENalt, or RB1 aberrations was associated with worse time to next treatment and overall survival with NHT without affecting clinical benefit from taxane therapy.

Study details: A retrospective study of 308 patients with mCRPC who received treatment between 2011 and 2020.

Disclosures: This work was sponsored by Foundation Medicine. Some authors disclosed employment with Foundation Medicine and/or stock ownership in Roche. The authors received speaker/consulting/ advisory fees, research funding, and/or honoraria outside this work.

Source: Graf RP et al. Eur Urol. 2021 Oct 26. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.09.030.

Key clinical point: Androgen receptor amplification (ARamp) status is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who receive novel hormonal treatment (NHT) but not in those treated with taxanes.

Major finding: Patients with ARamp or PTEN aberrations (PTENalt) vs those without had worse relative PSA response with NHT vs taxanes. The presence of ARamp, PTENalt, or RB1 aberrations was associated with worse time to next treatment and overall survival with NHT without affecting clinical benefit from taxane therapy.

Study details: A retrospective study of 308 patients with mCRPC who received treatment between 2011 and 2020.

Disclosures: This work was sponsored by Foundation Medicine. Some authors disclosed employment with Foundation Medicine and/or stock ownership in Roche. The authors received speaker/consulting/ advisory fees, research funding, and/or honoraria outside this work.

Source: Graf RP et al. Eur Urol. 2021 Oct 26. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.09.030.

Key clinical point: Radical prostatectomy vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is associated with significant improvement in cancer-specific mortality in patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high-risk and Johns Hopkins University (JH) very high-risk prostate cancer.

Major finding: Cancer-specific mortality (CSM) was significantly lower with radical prostatectomy vs EBRT in NCCN high-risk combined group (2.3% vs 4.1%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.68; P < .001) and JH very high-risk subgroup (3.5% vs 6.0%; HR, 0.58; P < .001). There was no significant difference in CSM between 2 treatments in JH high-risk patient subgroup (P = .2).

Study details: Study of 24,407 NCCN high-risk patients with prostate cancer identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2016. Patients were subcategorized into JH high-risk and very high-risk groups.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified for this work. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Cheirigo F et al. J Urol. 2021 Sep 24. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002250.

Key clinical point: Radical prostatectomy vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is associated with significant improvement in cancer-specific mortality in patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high-risk and Johns Hopkins University (JH) very high-risk prostate cancer.

Major finding: Cancer-specific mortality (CSM) was significantly lower with radical prostatectomy vs EBRT in NCCN high-risk combined group (2.3% vs 4.1%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.68; P < .001) and JH very high-risk subgroup (3.5% vs 6.0%; HR, 0.58; P < .001). There was no significant difference in CSM between 2 treatments in JH high-risk patient subgroup (P = .2).

Study details: Study of 24,407 NCCN high-risk patients with prostate cancer identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2016. Patients were subcategorized into JH high-risk and very high-risk groups.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified for this work. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Cheirigo F et al. J Urol. 2021 Sep 24. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002250.

Key clinical point: Radical prostatectomy vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is associated with significant improvement in cancer-specific mortality in patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high-risk and Johns Hopkins University (JH) very high-risk prostate cancer.

Major finding: Cancer-specific mortality (CSM) was significantly lower with radical prostatectomy vs EBRT in NCCN high-risk combined group (2.3% vs 4.1%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.68; P < .001) and JH very high-risk subgroup (3.5% vs 6.0%; HR, 0.58; P < .001). There was no significant difference in CSM between 2 treatments in JH high-risk patient subgroup (P = .2).

Study details: Study of 24,407 NCCN high-risk patients with prostate cancer identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2016. Patients were subcategorized into JH high-risk and very high-risk groups.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified for this work. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Cheirigo F et al. J Urol. 2021 Sep 24. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002250.

Key clinical point: Higher baseline serum levels of choline, betaine, and phenylacetylglutamine are associated with increased risk for incident lethal prostate cancer.

Major finding: Compared with the patients in the first quartile, the risk for incident lethal prostate cancer was higher in those with higher baseline levels of choline (odds ratio [OR] for third and fourth quartile, 2.37 and 2.19, respectively; P for trend = .005), betaine (OR for third and fourth quartile, 2.13 and 1.86, respectively; P for trend = .11), and phenylacetylglutamine (OR for third and fourth quartile, 2.54 and 2.55, respectively; P for trend = .003).

Study details: A study of 173 patients with lethal prostate cancer and 519 healthy individuals from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial.

Disclosures: This study was supported by grants from National Cancer Institute and Prostate Cancer Foundation. The authors held patents and/or received consulting fees/research grants/royalties from various sources.

Source: Reichard CA et al. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2021 Oct 28. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.

Key clinical point: Higher baseline serum levels of choline, betaine, and phenylacetylglutamine are associated with increased risk for incident lethal prostate cancer.

Major finding: Compared with the patients in the first quartile, the risk for incident lethal prostate cancer was higher in those with higher baseline levels of choline (odds ratio [OR] for third and fourth quartile, 2.37 and 2.19, respectively; P for trend = .005), betaine (OR for third and fourth quartile, 2.13 and 1.86, respectively; P for trend = .11), and phenylacetylglutamine (OR for third and fourth quartile, 2.54 and 2.55, respectively; P for trend = .003).

Study details: A study of 173 patients with lethal prostate cancer and 519 healthy individuals from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial.

Disclosures: This study was supported by grants from National Cancer Institute and Prostate Cancer Foundation. The authors held patents and/or received consulting fees/research grants/royalties from various sources.

Source: Reichard CA et al. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2021 Oct 28. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.

Key clinical point: Higher baseline serum levels of choline, betaine, and phenylacetylglutamine are associated with increased risk for incident lethal prostate cancer.

Major finding: Compared with the patients in the first quartile, the risk for incident lethal prostate cancer was higher in those with higher baseline levels of choline (odds ratio [OR] for third and fourth quartile, 2.37 and 2.19, respectively; P for trend = .005), betaine (OR for third and fourth quartile, 2.13 and 1.86, respectively; P for trend = .11), and phenylacetylglutamine (OR for third and fourth quartile, 2.54 and 2.55, respectively; P for trend = .003).

Study details: A study of 173 patients with lethal prostate cancer and 519 healthy individuals from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial.

Disclosures: This study was supported by grants from National Cancer Institute and Prostate Cancer Foundation. The authors held patents and/or received consulting fees/research grants/royalties from various sources.

Source: Reichard CA et al. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2021 Oct 28. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.

Key clinical point: Radical prostatectomy vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is associated with lower cancer-specific mortality in African American patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high-risk and Johns Hopkins University (JH) very high-risk prostate cancer.

Major finding: Radical prostatectomy and EBRT were performed in 39% and 61% of patients, respectively. Radical prostatectomy vs EBRT was associated with lower risk for cancer-specific mortality at 5 years in NCCN high-risk (2.3% vs 3.9%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; P = .02) and JH very high-risk patients (3.3% vs 7.4%; HR, 0.42; P = .02).

Study details: A retrospective study of 4,165 NCCN high-risk African American patients with prostate cancer identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2016. Patients were subcategorized into JH high-risk (n=1,944) and very high-risk (n=2,221) groups.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified for this work. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Hoeh B et al. Prostate. 2021 Oct 18. doi: 10.1002/pros.24253.

Key clinical point: Radical prostatectomy vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is associated with lower cancer-specific mortality in African American patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high-risk and Johns Hopkins University (JH) very high-risk prostate cancer.

Major finding: Radical prostatectomy and EBRT were performed in 39% and 61% of patients, respectively. Radical prostatectomy vs EBRT was associated with lower risk for cancer-specific mortality at 5 years in NCCN high-risk (2.3% vs 3.9%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; P = .02) and JH very high-risk patients (3.3% vs 7.4%; HR, 0.42; P = .02).

Study details: A retrospective study of 4,165 NCCN high-risk African American patients with prostate cancer identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2016. Patients were subcategorized into JH high-risk (n=1,944) and very high-risk (n=2,221) groups.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified for this work. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Hoeh B et al. Prostate. 2021 Oct 18. doi: 10.1002/pros.24253.

Key clinical point: Radical prostatectomy vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is associated with lower cancer-specific mortality in African American patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high-risk and Johns Hopkins University (JH) very high-risk prostate cancer.

Major finding: Radical prostatectomy and EBRT were performed in 39% and 61% of patients, respectively. Radical prostatectomy vs EBRT was associated with lower risk for cancer-specific mortality at 5 years in NCCN high-risk (2.3% vs 3.9%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; P = .02) and JH very high-risk patients (3.3% vs 7.4%; HR, 0.42; P = .02).

Study details: A retrospective study of 4,165 NCCN high-risk African American patients with prostate cancer identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2016. Patients were subcategorized into JH high-risk (n=1,944) and very high-risk (n=2,221) groups.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified for this work. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Hoeh B et al. Prostate. 2021 Oct 18. doi: 10.1002/pros.24253.

Key clinical point: Significant racial and ethnic disparities are reported in the use of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test results.

Major finding: Black patients with PSA levels above 4 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL were 24.1% and 35.0% less likely to undergo subsequent prostate MRI, respectively, compared with White patients. Asian patients with PSA levels higher than 4 ng/mL were 24.1% less likely, and Hispanic patients with PSA levels above 10 ng/mL were 23.4% less likely to undergo subsequent prostate MRI than White patients.

Study details: A cohort study of 794,809 patients aged 40 years and above who received a single PSA result and no prior PSA screening or prostate MRI.

Disclosures: This work was supported by research funding from Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute. Dr. Rosenkrantz reported employment with American Journal of Roentgenology. No other disclosures were reported.

Source: Abashidze N et al. JAMA Network Open. 2021 Nov 8. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32388.

Key clinical point: Significant racial and ethnic disparities are reported in the use of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test results.

Major finding: Black patients with PSA levels above 4 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL were 24.1% and 35.0% less likely to undergo subsequent prostate MRI, respectively, compared with White patients. Asian patients with PSA levels higher than 4 ng/mL were 24.1% less likely, and Hispanic patients with PSA levels above 10 ng/mL were 23.4% less likely to undergo subsequent prostate MRI than White patients.

Study details: A cohort study of 794,809 patients aged 40 years and above who received a single PSA result and no prior PSA screening or prostate MRI.

Disclosures: This work was supported by research funding from Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute. Dr. Rosenkrantz reported employment with American Journal of Roentgenology. No other disclosures were reported.

Source: Abashidze N et al. JAMA Network Open. 2021 Nov 8. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32388.

Key clinical point: Significant racial and ethnic disparities are reported in the use of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test results.

Major finding: Black patients with PSA levels above 4 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL were 24.1% and 35.0% less likely to undergo subsequent prostate MRI, respectively, compared with White patients. Asian patients with PSA levels higher than 4 ng/mL were 24.1% less likely, and Hispanic patients with PSA levels above 10 ng/mL were 23.4% less likely to undergo subsequent prostate MRI than White patients.

Study details: A cohort study of 794,809 patients aged 40 years and above who received a single PSA result and no prior PSA screening or prostate MRI.

Disclosures: This work was supported by research funding from Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute. Dr. Rosenkrantz reported employment with American Journal of Roentgenology. No other disclosures were reported.

Source: Abashidze N et al. JAMA Network Open. 2021 Nov 8. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32388.

Key clinical point: Prostrate-specific antigen (PSA) testing increased after the 2017 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) draft statement for prostate cancer screening.

Major finding: A relative increase of 12.5% was seen in the PSA testing rate during 2016-2019. A relative increase of 10.1%, 12.1%, and 16.2% was seen in men aged 40-54 years, 55-69 years, and 70-89 years. A significantly increasing trend of PSA testing was seen after the release of USPSTF draft in April 2017 (0.30 tests per 100 person-years for each bimonthly period; P < .001).

Study details: This retrospective cohort study of 8,087,565 men aged 40 to 89 years who underwent prostate cancer screening between 2013 and 2019.

Disclosures: This work was funded by National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute. The authors received grants, honoraria, and consulting/personal/speaker fees from various sources.

Source: Leapman MS et al. JAMA Oncol. 2021 Nov 11. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.5143.

Key clinical point: Prostrate-specific antigen (PSA) testing increased after the 2017 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) draft statement for prostate cancer screening.

Major finding: A relative increase of 12.5% was seen in the PSA testing rate during 2016-2019. A relative increase of 10.1%, 12.1%, and 16.2% was seen in men aged 40-54 years, 55-69 years, and 70-89 years. A significantly increasing trend of PSA testing was seen after the release of USPSTF draft in April 2017 (0.30 tests per 100 person-years for each bimonthly period; P < .001).

Study details: This retrospective cohort study of 8,087,565 men aged 40 to 89 years who underwent prostate cancer screening between 2013 and 2019.

Disclosures: This work was funded by National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute. The authors received grants, honoraria, and consulting/personal/speaker fees from various sources.

Source: Leapman MS et al. JAMA Oncol. 2021 Nov 11. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.5143.

Key clinical point: Prostrate-specific antigen (PSA) testing increased after the 2017 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) draft statement for prostate cancer screening.

Major finding: A relative increase of 12.5% was seen in the PSA testing rate during 2016-2019. A relative increase of 10.1%, 12.1%, and 16.2% was seen in men aged 40-54 years, 55-69 years, and 70-89 years. A significantly increasing trend of PSA testing was seen after the release of USPSTF draft in April 2017 (0.30 tests per 100 person-years for each bimonthly period; P < .001).

Study details: This retrospective cohort study of 8,087,565 men aged 40 to 89 years who underwent prostate cancer screening between 2013 and 2019.

Disclosures: This work was funded by National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute. The authors received grants, honoraria, and consulting/personal/speaker fees from various sources.

Source: Leapman MS et al. JAMA Oncol. 2021 Nov 11. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.5143.

Key clinical point: Enzalutamide improves outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in a prospective real-world study.

Major finding: The median time to treatment failure in chemotherapy and abiraterone-naïve patients was 12.9 months and those who were previously treated with chemotherapy and were abiraterone naïve was 8.4 months.

Study details: A prospective, observational PREMISE study of 1,732 patients with mCRPC who received enzalutamide.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored by Astellas Pharma Inc. The authors received honoraria, travel funds, grants, consulting/personal fees, and financial and nonfinancial support from various sources. Some authors reported being employed by an organization/foundation that receives funding from various private and public sector sources.

Source: Payne H et al. Int J Cancer. 2021 Oct 14. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33845.

Key clinical point: Enzalutamide improves outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in a prospective real-world study.

Major finding: The median time to treatment failure in chemotherapy and abiraterone-naïve patients was 12.9 months and those who were previously treated with chemotherapy and were abiraterone naïve was 8.4 months.

Study details: A prospective, observational PREMISE study of 1,732 patients with mCRPC who received enzalutamide.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored by Astellas Pharma Inc. The authors received honoraria, travel funds, grants, consulting/personal fees, and financial and nonfinancial support from various sources. Some authors reported being employed by an organization/foundation that receives funding from various private and public sector sources.

Source: Payne H et al. Int J Cancer. 2021 Oct 14. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33845.

Key clinical point: Enzalutamide improves outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in a prospective real-world study.

Major finding: The median time to treatment failure in chemotherapy and abiraterone-naïve patients was 12.9 months and those who were previously treated with chemotherapy and were abiraterone naïve was 8.4 months.

Study details: A prospective, observational PREMISE study of 1,732 patients with mCRPC who received enzalutamide.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored by Astellas Pharma Inc. The authors received honoraria, travel funds, grants, consulting/personal fees, and financial and nonfinancial support from various sources. Some authors reported being employed by an organization/foundation that receives funding from various private and public sector sources.

Source: Payne H et al. Int J Cancer. 2021 Oct 14. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33845.