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SAN FRANCISCO – Clinicians prescribed 46% of antibiotics without an infection-related diagnosis code and 20% without an office visit, based on a review of more than half a million outpatient prescriptions to more than a quarter million patients at 514 clinics around Chicago.

The researchers looked to see if prescriptions had an ICD-10 code that indicated an antibiotic; they were liberal in their approach, considering over 21,000 codes to at least possibly signal the need for an antibiotic.

Almost half the time, there was nothing in the codes related to bacterial infection: 29% of scripts were written in connection with codes for high blood pressure, annual visits, and other noninfectious disorders; 17% of prescriptions were written with no diagnosis code at all.

The study is likely the largest to date to look at outpatient antibiotic prescribing patterns in the United States, and the findings are worrisome. “Nearly half the time, clinicians have either a bad reason for prescribing antibiotics, or don’t provide a reason at all. When you consider about 80% of antibiotics are prescribed on an outpatient basis, that’s a concern,” lead investigator Jeffrey A. Linder, MD, MPH, chief of the division of general internal medicine and geriatrics at Northwestern University, Chicago, said in a written statement.

“At busy clinics, sadly, the most efficient thing to do is just call in an antibiotic prescription. We need to dig into the data more, but we believe there is a lot of antibiotic prescribing for colds, the flu, and non-specific symptoms such as just not feeling well,” he said.

With all the concern in recent years about overuse, it’s hard to imagine that prescribers are still being free and easy with antibiotics, and Dr. Linder’s study will certainly have its skeptics.

Sloppy record keeping could be one explanation for the findings. A patient could really have needed an antibiotic, but it just wasn’t captured in coding. There are also valid reasons for prescribing antibiotics over the phone, such as acne and recurrent UTIs.

Dr. Linder, however, thinks it’s more than that. He explained his study, its implications, and the next steps in an interview at ID Week, an annual scientific meeting on infectious diseases.

The 2,413 prescribers in the study included physicians, surgeons, residents, fellows, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants in general and specialty practices. Patients were a mean of 43 years old: 60% were women and 75% were white. The most common antibiotic classes were penicillins, macrolides, and cephalosporins. Prescriptions were written from November 2015 through October 2017.

The work was funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Dr. Linder did not have any disclosures.
 

SOURCE: Linder JA et al. ID Week 2018 abstract 1632.

[email protected]

SAN FRANCISCO – Clinicians prescribed 46% of antibiotics without an infection-related diagnosis code and 20% without an office visit, based on a review of more than half a million outpatient prescriptions to more than a quarter million patients at 514 clinics around Chicago.

The researchers looked to see if prescriptions had an ICD-10 code that indicated an antibiotic; they were liberal in their approach, considering over 21,000 codes to at least possibly signal the need for an antibiotic.

Almost half the time, there was nothing in the codes related to bacterial infection: 29% of scripts were written in connection with codes for high blood pressure, annual visits, and other noninfectious disorders; 17% of prescriptions were written with no diagnosis code at all.

The study is likely the largest to date to look at outpatient antibiotic prescribing patterns in the United States, and the findings are worrisome. “Nearly half the time, clinicians have either a bad reason for prescribing antibiotics, or don’t provide a reason at all. When you consider about 80% of antibiotics are prescribed on an outpatient basis, that’s a concern,” lead investigator Jeffrey A. Linder, MD, MPH, chief of the division of general internal medicine and geriatrics at Northwestern University, Chicago, said in a written statement.

“At busy clinics, sadly, the most efficient thing to do is just call in an antibiotic prescription. We need to dig into the data more, but we believe there is a lot of antibiotic prescribing for colds, the flu, and non-specific symptoms such as just not feeling well,” he said.

With all the concern in recent years about overuse, it’s hard to imagine that prescribers are still being free and easy with antibiotics, and Dr. Linder’s study will certainly have its skeptics.

Sloppy record keeping could be one explanation for the findings. A patient could really have needed an antibiotic, but it just wasn’t captured in coding. There are also valid reasons for prescribing antibiotics over the phone, such as acne and recurrent UTIs.

Dr. Linder, however, thinks it’s more than that. He explained his study, its implications, and the next steps in an interview at ID Week, an annual scientific meeting on infectious diseases.

The 2,413 prescribers in the study included physicians, surgeons, residents, fellows, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants in general and specialty practices. Patients were a mean of 43 years old: 60% were women and 75% were white. The most common antibiotic classes were penicillins, macrolides, and cephalosporins. Prescriptions were written from November 2015 through October 2017.

The work was funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Dr. Linder did not have any disclosures.
 

SOURCE: Linder JA et al. ID Week 2018 abstract 1632.

[email protected]

SAN FRANCISCO – Clinicians prescribed 46% of antibiotics without an infection-related diagnosis code and 20% without an office visit, based on a review of more than half a million outpatient prescriptions to more than a quarter million patients at 514 clinics around Chicago.

The researchers looked to see if prescriptions had an ICD-10 code that indicated an antibiotic; they were liberal in their approach, considering over 21,000 codes to at least possibly signal the need for an antibiotic.

Almost half the time, there was nothing in the codes related to bacterial infection: 29% of scripts were written in connection with codes for high blood pressure, annual visits, and other noninfectious disorders; 17% of prescriptions were written with no diagnosis code at all.

The study is likely the largest to date to look at outpatient antibiotic prescribing patterns in the United States, and the findings are worrisome. “Nearly half the time, clinicians have either a bad reason for prescribing antibiotics, or don’t provide a reason at all. When you consider about 80% of antibiotics are prescribed on an outpatient basis, that’s a concern,” lead investigator Jeffrey A. Linder, MD, MPH, chief of the division of general internal medicine and geriatrics at Northwestern University, Chicago, said in a written statement.

“At busy clinics, sadly, the most efficient thing to do is just call in an antibiotic prescription. We need to dig into the data more, but we believe there is a lot of antibiotic prescribing for colds, the flu, and non-specific symptoms such as just not feeling well,” he said.

With all the concern in recent years about overuse, it’s hard to imagine that prescribers are still being free and easy with antibiotics, and Dr. Linder’s study will certainly have its skeptics.

Sloppy record keeping could be one explanation for the findings. A patient could really have needed an antibiotic, but it just wasn’t captured in coding. There are also valid reasons for prescribing antibiotics over the phone, such as acne and recurrent UTIs.

Dr. Linder, however, thinks it’s more than that. He explained his study, its implications, and the next steps in an interview at ID Week, an annual scientific meeting on infectious diseases.

The 2,413 prescribers in the study included physicians, surgeons, residents, fellows, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants in general and specialty practices. Patients were a mean of 43 years old: 60% were women and 75% were white. The most common antibiotic classes were penicillins, macrolides, and cephalosporins. Prescriptions were written from November 2015 through October 2017.

The work was funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Dr. Linder did not have any disclosures.
 

SOURCE: Linder JA et al. ID Week 2018 abstract 1632.

[email protected]

SAN FRANCISCO – Children exposed to efavirenz in utero were 60% more likely than were those exposed to other antiretrovirals to later develop seizures, eye problems, and other neurologic abnormalities, according to a review of 3,747 children in the Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities (SMARTT) study, an ongoing effort to monitor children exposed to antiretrovirals in the womb.

Overall, 237 children developed a neurologic complication at a mean age of 2; 16 of them were exposed to efavirenz. The study team estimated that 9.6% of children exposed to efavirenz had a neurological complication, versus 6.2% born to women on ART regimens without efavirenz. There was also a nonsignificant trend toward dolutegravir exposure and later neurological abnormalities, which occurred in four of 94 children exposed to the drug. Results were adjusted for maternal smoking and other risk factors.

No other safety signals were detected with the 19 other antiretrovirals analyzed in the study, lead investigator Claudia S. Crowell, MD, assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Washington, Seattle, said at the annual scientific meeting on infectious diseases.

Efavirenz isn’t used much in the United States because there are more effective options with fewer side effects, but current guidelines recommend that women who are doing well on the drug stay on it while pregnant. Meanwhile, dolutegravir exposure at the time of conception was recently linked to an increased risk of neural tube defects in infants. The drug is commonly used in the United States, and guidelines have been strengthened to highlight the need for contraception use by women taking dolutegravir.

Dr. Crowell said she was surprised by her study’s findings, in part because efavirenz is not a teratogen. The work highlights how important it is to look beyond birth defects and follow children exposed to antiretrovirals for later problems. “We still haven’t determined what the safest regimen is for use in pregnancy,” she said.

Dr. Crowell explained the problem, and what her work means for practice in an interview at the meeting.

[email protected]

SOURCE: Crowell C et al. ID Week 2018 abstract LB5.

SAN FRANCISCO – Children exposed to efavirenz in utero were 60% more likely than were those exposed to other antiretrovirals to later develop seizures, eye problems, and other neurologic abnormalities, according to a review of 3,747 children in the Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities (SMARTT) study, an ongoing effort to monitor children exposed to antiretrovirals in the womb.

Overall, 237 children developed a neurologic complication at a mean age of 2; 16 of them were exposed to efavirenz. The study team estimated that 9.6% of children exposed to efavirenz had a neurological complication, versus 6.2% born to women on ART regimens without efavirenz. There was also a nonsignificant trend toward dolutegravir exposure and later neurological abnormalities, which occurred in four of 94 children exposed to the drug. Results were adjusted for maternal smoking and other risk factors.

No other safety signals were detected with the 19 other antiretrovirals analyzed in the study, lead investigator Claudia S. Crowell, MD, assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Washington, Seattle, said at the annual scientific meeting on infectious diseases.

Efavirenz isn’t used much in the United States because there are more effective options with fewer side effects, but current guidelines recommend that women who are doing well on the drug stay on it while pregnant. Meanwhile, dolutegravir exposure at the time of conception was recently linked to an increased risk of neural tube defects in infants. The drug is commonly used in the United States, and guidelines have been strengthened to highlight the need for contraception use by women taking dolutegravir.

Dr. Crowell said she was surprised by her study’s findings, in part because efavirenz is not a teratogen. The work highlights how important it is to look beyond birth defects and follow children exposed to antiretrovirals for later problems. “We still haven’t determined what the safest regimen is for use in pregnancy,” she said.

Dr. Crowell explained the problem, and what her work means for practice in an interview at the meeting.

[email protected]

SOURCE: Crowell C et al. ID Week 2018 abstract LB5.

SAN FRANCISCO – Children exposed to efavirenz in utero were 60% more likely than were those exposed to other antiretrovirals to later develop seizures, eye problems, and other neurologic abnormalities, according to a review of 3,747 children in the Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities (SMARTT) study, an ongoing effort to monitor children exposed to antiretrovirals in the womb.

Overall, 237 children developed a neurologic complication at a mean age of 2; 16 of them were exposed to efavirenz. The study team estimated that 9.6% of children exposed to efavirenz had a neurological complication, versus 6.2% born to women on ART regimens without efavirenz. There was also a nonsignificant trend toward dolutegravir exposure and later neurological abnormalities, which occurred in four of 94 children exposed to the drug. Results were adjusted for maternal smoking and other risk factors.

No other safety signals were detected with the 19 other antiretrovirals analyzed in the study, lead investigator Claudia S. Crowell, MD, assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Washington, Seattle, said at the annual scientific meeting on infectious diseases.

Efavirenz isn’t used much in the United States because there are more effective options with fewer side effects, but current guidelines recommend that women who are doing well on the drug stay on it while pregnant. Meanwhile, dolutegravir exposure at the time of conception was recently linked to an increased risk of neural tube defects in infants. The drug is commonly used in the United States, and guidelines have been strengthened to highlight the need for contraception use by women taking dolutegravir.

Dr. Crowell said she was surprised by her study’s findings, in part because efavirenz is not a teratogen. The work highlights how important it is to look beyond birth defects and follow children exposed to antiretrovirals for later problems. “We still haven’t determined what the safest regimen is for use in pregnancy,” she said.

Dr. Crowell explained the problem, and what her work means for practice in an interview at the meeting.

[email protected]

SOURCE: Crowell C et al. ID Week 2018 abstract LB5.

SAN FRANCISCO – There’s an increasing push in the United States to screen all newborns for congenital cytomegalovirus.

The reason is because most of the time the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus is missed. Only about 10% of infants infected with the virus present with enlarged livers and other classic signs. Too often, the infection isn’t caught until later, when hearing loss and other neurologic sequelae reveal themselves, according to Fatima Kakkar, MD, a pediatric infectious disease specialist and researcher at the University of Montreal.

There are effective treatments – intravenous ganciclovir for 6 weeks or oral valganciclovir (Valcyte) for 6 months – that control the infection and reverse its effects.

People have tried to address the situation by screening children with hearing loss, in utero HIV exposure, or cytomegalovirus symptoms, but in a study Dr. Kakkar presented at IDWeek, an annual scientific meeting on infectious diseases, such targeted efforts still missed a lot of children.

Many think the answer is universal screening, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are considering it. In a video interview at the meeting, Dr. Kakkar explained the issues, her study, and why universal screening is gaining support.

[email protected]

SOURCE: Kakkar F et al. IDWeek 2018, Abstract 115.

SAN FRANCISCO – There’s an increasing push in the United States to screen all newborns for congenital cytomegalovirus.

The reason is because most of the time the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus is missed. Only about 10% of infants infected with the virus present with enlarged livers and other classic signs. Too often, the infection isn’t caught until later, when hearing loss and other neurologic sequelae reveal themselves, according to Fatima Kakkar, MD, a pediatric infectious disease specialist and researcher at the University of Montreal.

There are effective treatments – intravenous ganciclovir for 6 weeks or oral valganciclovir (Valcyte) for 6 months – that control the infection and reverse its effects.

People have tried to address the situation by screening children with hearing loss, in utero HIV exposure, or cytomegalovirus symptoms, but in a study Dr. Kakkar presented at IDWeek, an annual scientific meeting on infectious diseases, such targeted efforts still missed a lot of children.

Many think the answer is universal screening, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are considering it. In a video interview at the meeting, Dr. Kakkar explained the issues, her study, and why universal screening is gaining support.

[email protected]

SOURCE: Kakkar F et al. IDWeek 2018, Abstract 115.

SAN FRANCISCO – There’s an increasing push in the United States to screen all newborns for congenital cytomegalovirus.

The reason is because most of the time the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus is missed. Only about 10% of infants infected with the virus present with enlarged livers and other classic signs. Too often, the infection isn’t caught until later, when hearing loss and other neurologic sequelae reveal themselves, according to Fatima Kakkar, MD, a pediatric infectious disease specialist and researcher at the University of Montreal.

There are effective treatments – intravenous ganciclovir for 6 weeks or oral valganciclovir (Valcyte) for 6 months – that control the infection and reverse its effects.

People have tried to address the situation by screening children with hearing loss, in utero HIV exposure, or cytomegalovirus symptoms, but in a study Dr. Kakkar presented at IDWeek, an annual scientific meeting on infectious diseases, such targeted efforts still missed a lot of children.

Many think the answer is universal screening, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are considering it. In a video interview at the meeting, Dr. Kakkar explained the issues, her study, and why universal screening is gaining support.

[email protected]

SOURCE: Kakkar F et al. IDWeek 2018, Abstract 115.

SAN FRANCISCO – Influenza season is upon us, and Helen Chu, MD, MPH, is here at ID Week 2018 to talk vaccines, especially for pregnant women.

They are at greater risk for more severe illness, and influenza can lead to adverse outcomes in infants. The good news is that recent studies have shown that flu vaccines are safe and effective in pregnant women.

The bad news is that many women are hesitant to be vaccinated out of concerns over safety, in a trend that reflects broader societal worries over vaccination, said Dr. Chu, of the University of Washington, Seattle. In a video interview at an annual scientific meeting on infectious diseases, Dr. Chu advised steps to ensure that pregnant women are aware of the safety and efficacy of flu vaccines, and the benefits to the infant who acquires immunity through the mother. It’s also a good idea to have vaccine on hand to be able to offer it immediately during an office visit.

SAN FRANCISCO – Influenza season is upon us, and Helen Chu, MD, MPH, is here at ID Week 2018 to talk vaccines, especially for pregnant women.

They are at greater risk for more severe illness, and influenza can lead to adverse outcomes in infants. The good news is that recent studies have shown that flu vaccines are safe and effective in pregnant women.

The bad news is that many women are hesitant to be vaccinated out of concerns over safety, in a trend that reflects broader societal worries over vaccination, said Dr. Chu, of the University of Washington, Seattle. In a video interview at an annual scientific meeting on infectious diseases, Dr. Chu advised steps to ensure that pregnant women are aware of the safety and efficacy of flu vaccines, and the benefits to the infant who acquires immunity through the mother. It’s also a good idea to have vaccine on hand to be able to offer it immediately during an office visit.

SAN FRANCISCO – Influenza season is upon us, and Helen Chu, MD, MPH, is here at ID Week 2018 to talk vaccines, especially for pregnant women.

They are at greater risk for more severe illness, and influenza can lead to adverse outcomes in infants. The good news is that recent studies have shown that flu vaccines are safe and effective in pregnant women.

The bad news is that many women are hesitant to be vaccinated out of concerns over safety, in a trend that reflects broader societal worries over vaccination, said Dr. Chu, of the University of Washington, Seattle. In a video interview at an annual scientific meeting on infectious diseases, Dr. Chu advised steps to ensure that pregnant women are aware of the safety and efficacy of flu vaccines, and the benefits to the infant who acquires immunity through the mother. It’s also a good idea to have vaccine on hand to be able to offer it immediately during an office visit.

SAN DIEGO – In the ICU, ultrasound has been shown to reduce the need for CT to evaluate potential pulmonary embolism. But in the ED, this strategy hasn’t worked out so far, according to Joseph Brown, MD, of the department of emergency medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.

Vidyard Video

Based on the data so far, the ED patients were less likely than the ICU patients to have another etiology identified on ultrasound that explained their symptoms. Further, ultrasound alone missed small subsegmental pulmonary emboli that were detected on subsequent CT scans in 2 of 11 patients.

The study is continuing, and Dr. Brown explains in this interview how ultrasound might be combined with other risk stratification measures to safely achieve reductions in CT scans.

SAN DIEGO – In the ICU, ultrasound has been shown to reduce the need for CT to evaluate potential pulmonary embolism. But in the ED, this strategy hasn’t worked out so far, according to Joseph Brown, MD, of the department of emergency medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.

Vidyard Video

Based on the data so far, the ED patients were less likely than the ICU patients to have another etiology identified on ultrasound that explained their symptoms. Further, ultrasound alone missed small subsegmental pulmonary emboli that were detected on subsequent CT scans in 2 of 11 patients.

The study is continuing, and Dr. Brown explains in this interview how ultrasound might be combined with other risk stratification measures to safely achieve reductions in CT scans.

SAN DIEGO – In the ICU, ultrasound has been shown to reduce the need for CT to evaluate potential pulmonary embolism. But in the ED, this strategy hasn’t worked out so far, according to Joseph Brown, MD, of the department of emergency medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.

Vidyard Video

Based on the data so far, the ED patients were less likely than the ICU patients to have another etiology identified on ultrasound that explained their symptoms. Further, ultrasound alone missed small subsegmental pulmonary emboli that were detected on subsequent CT scans in 2 of 11 patients.

The study is continuing, and Dr. Brown explains in this interview how ultrasound might be combined with other risk stratification measures to safely achieve reductions in CT scans.

SAN DIEGO – Unless the cause of syncope has been identified after a thorough workup in the emergency department, there is no advantage to admitting patients aged 60 years and older who complain of syncope, an ED-based study has found.

Almost 2,500 patients aged 60 or older with unexplained syncope after a thorough workup had similar 30-day outcomes whether they were admitted to the hospital or sent home from the ED, based on the results of a retrospective study presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Emergency Physicians.

Dr. Marc A. Probst of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, who presented the data, reported that many centers admit older patients with syncope, although the benefit of this practice has not been well established.

In a video interview, Dr. Probst points out how the findings may be useful in guiding clinical decisions or counseling patients when admission is being considered.

SAN DIEGO – Unless the cause of syncope has been identified after a thorough workup in the emergency department, there is no advantage to admitting patients aged 60 years and older who complain of syncope, an ED-based study has found.

Almost 2,500 patients aged 60 or older with unexplained syncope after a thorough workup had similar 30-day outcomes whether they were admitted to the hospital or sent home from the ED, based on the results of a retrospective study presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Emergency Physicians.

Dr. Marc A. Probst of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, who presented the data, reported that many centers admit older patients with syncope, although the benefit of this practice has not been well established.

In a video interview, Dr. Probst points out how the findings may be useful in guiding clinical decisions or counseling patients when admission is being considered.

SAN DIEGO – Unless the cause of syncope has been identified after a thorough workup in the emergency department, there is no advantage to admitting patients aged 60 years and older who complain of syncope, an ED-based study has found.

Almost 2,500 patients aged 60 or older with unexplained syncope after a thorough workup had similar 30-day outcomes whether they were admitted to the hospital or sent home from the ED, based on the results of a retrospective study presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Emergency Physicians.

Dr. Marc A. Probst of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, who presented the data, reported that many centers admit older patients with syncope, although the benefit of this practice has not been well established.

In a video interview, Dr. Probst points out how the findings may be useful in guiding clinical decisions or counseling patients when admission is being considered.

SAN DIEGO – The rule-in cutoff level for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin measures in the diagnosis of acute MI have been established by the European Society of Cardiology, but the value might not be applicable to a U.S. population.

In a video interview at the annual scientific assembly of the American College of Emergency Physicians, Richard M. Nowak, MD, of the department of emergency medicine at Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, explains why the rule-in cutoff is not likely to apply to American patients and may be associated with a higher risk of false positives.

Since high-sensitivity troponin measures will soon be coming to every ED, each institution may have to arrive at their own rule-in cutoff value in order to diagnose acute MI with an acceptable number of false positives, he said. Dr. Nowak explains how to begin addressing that process.

SAN DIEGO – The rule-in cutoff level for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin measures in the diagnosis of acute MI have been established by the European Society of Cardiology, but the value might not be applicable to a U.S. population.

In a video interview at the annual scientific assembly of the American College of Emergency Physicians, Richard M. Nowak, MD, of the department of emergency medicine at Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, explains why the rule-in cutoff is not likely to apply to American patients and may be associated with a higher risk of false positives.

Since high-sensitivity troponin measures will soon be coming to every ED, each institution may have to arrive at their own rule-in cutoff value in order to diagnose acute MI with an acceptable number of false positives, he said. Dr. Nowak explains how to begin addressing that process.

SAN DIEGO – The rule-in cutoff level for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin measures in the diagnosis of acute MI have been established by the European Society of Cardiology, but the value might not be applicable to a U.S. population.

In a video interview at the annual scientific assembly of the American College of Emergency Physicians, Richard M. Nowak, MD, of the department of emergency medicine at Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, explains why the rule-in cutoff is not likely to apply to American patients and may be associated with a higher risk of false positives.

Since high-sensitivity troponin measures will soon be coming to every ED, each institution may have to arrive at their own rule-in cutoff value in order to diagnose acute MI with an acceptable number of false positives, he said. Dr. Nowak explains how to begin addressing that process.

MUNICH – When treating de novo coronary stenoses in arteries thinner than 3 mm, drug-coated balloons (DCBs) performed virtually identically to conventional drug-eluting stents (DESs) for preventing the clinical consequences of restenosis during 12 months following coronary intervention, according to results from a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial.

Drug-coated balloons are already used to treat in-stent coronary restenosis. The findings of the current study establish the tested DCB as noninferior to a DES for treating coronary stenoses in narrow arteries less than 3 mm in diameter, Raban V. Jeger, MD, said at the annual congress of the European Society of Cardiology. The DCB approach avoids placing a metal stent in a narrow coronary and thus has no long-term risk for in-stent thrombosis, said Dr. Jeger, a professor of cardiology at Basel (Switzerland) University Hospital. Dr. Jeger acknowledged that the tested DCB is more expensive than the second-generation DES used as the comparator in most of the control patients, “but I think the benefit to patients is worth” the added cost, he said when discussing his report.

The BASKET-SMALL 2 (NCT01574534) study enrolled 758 patients at 14 centers in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. The trial limited enrollment to patients who were scheduled to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention for stenosis in a coronary artery that was at least 2.0 mm and less than 3.0 mm in diameter and had first undergone successful predilatation without any flow-limiting dissections or residual stenosis, a step in the DCB procedure that adds to the procedure’s cost.

The study randomized patients to treatment with either a balloon coated with paclitaxel/iopromide (SeQuent Please) or a DES. The first quarter of patients randomized into the DES arm received a first-generation, paclitaxel-eluting DES (Taxus Element); the remaining patients in the comparator arm received a second-generation everolimus-eluting DES (Xience). The DCB tested is not approved for U.S. marketing.

The primary endpoint was the combined rate of cardiac death, nonfatal MI, or target vessel revascularization during 12 months of follow-up. In the intention-to-treat analysis, this occurred in 7.33% of the DCB patients and in 7.45% of the DES patients, a difference that was not statistically significant and that met the prespecified criterion for noninferiority of the DCB. Concurrently with Dr. Jeger’s report at the congress, the results also appeared in an article published in The Lancet (Lancet. 2018 Sep 8;392[10190]:849-56).



One limitation of the study was that the first 25% of patients enrolled into the DES arm received a first-generation DES, while the remaining 75% received a second-generation device. Analysis of the primary endpoint by DES type showed that events occurred more than twice as often in the patients who received a first-generation DES, and their inclusion may have affected the comparator group’s results.

Coronary arteries that need percutaneous intervention and are less than 3 mm in diameter constitute about a third of all target vessels, and they are especially common among women and in patients with diabetes, Dr. Jeger said. Despite this, women made up about a quarter of the study enrollment, and about a third had diabetes. He also noted that a key aspect of adopting the DCB approach into routine practice is that operators would need to have the “courage” to accept some amount of recoil and “minor” dissections after DCB treatment and not feel compelled to correct these with a stent.

Mitchel L. Zoler/MDedge News

Other features of the BASKET-SMALL 2 trial also have raised concerns about the immediate clinical implications of the results, said Roxana Mehran, MD, a professor of medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, and the congress’s designated discussant for the report.

The study began in 2012, which means it took more than 5 years to enroll and suggests that the study may have a selection bias. Dr. Mehran also questioned whether it was really a small vessel study, with an enrollment criterion of less than 3 mm in diameter. A future study should be done in “truly” small vessels, those thinner than 2.5 mm, she said.

Dr. Mehran agreed it’s attractive to speculate that, by using a DCB and avoiding stent placement, fewer patients will eventually have very-late adverse events, but this must be proven with longer follow-up and in larger numbers of patients, she said.

[email protected]

MUNICH – When treating de novo coronary stenoses in arteries thinner than 3 mm, drug-coated balloons (DCBs) performed virtually identically to conventional drug-eluting stents (DESs) for preventing the clinical consequences of restenosis during 12 months following coronary intervention, according to results from a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial.

Drug-coated balloons are already used to treat in-stent coronary restenosis. The findings of the current study establish the tested DCB as noninferior to a DES for treating coronary stenoses in narrow arteries less than 3 mm in diameter, Raban V. Jeger, MD, said at the annual congress of the European Society of Cardiology. The DCB approach avoids placing a metal stent in a narrow coronary and thus has no long-term risk for in-stent thrombosis, said Dr. Jeger, a professor of cardiology at Basel (Switzerland) University Hospital. Dr. Jeger acknowledged that the tested DCB is more expensive than the second-generation DES used as the comparator in most of the control patients, “but I think the benefit to patients is worth” the added cost, he said when discussing his report.

The BASKET-SMALL 2 (NCT01574534) study enrolled 758 patients at 14 centers in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. The trial limited enrollment to patients who were scheduled to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention for stenosis in a coronary artery that was at least 2.0 mm and less than 3.0 mm in diameter and had first undergone successful predilatation without any flow-limiting dissections or residual stenosis, a step in the DCB procedure that adds to the procedure’s cost.

The study randomized patients to treatment with either a balloon coated with paclitaxel/iopromide (SeQuent Please) or a DES. The first quarter of patients randomized into the DES arm received a first-generation, paclitaxel-eluting DES (Taxus Element); the remaining patients in the comparator arm received a second-generation everolimus-eluting DES (Xience). The DCB tested is not approved for U.S. marketing.

The primary endpoint was the combined rate of cardiac death, nonfatal MI, or target vessel revascularization during 12 months of follow-up. In the intention-to-treat analysis, this occurred in 7.33% of the DCB patients and in 7.45% of the DES patients, a difference that was not statistically significant and that met the prespecified criterion for noninferiority of the DCB. Concurrently with Dr. Jeger’s report at the congress, the results also appeared in an article published in The Lancet (Lancet. 2018 Sep 8;392[10190]:849-56).



One limitation of the study was that the first 25% of patients enrolled into the DES arm received a first-generation DES, while the remaining 75% received a second-generation device. Analysis of the primary endpoint by DES type showed that events occurred more than twice as often in the patients who received a first-generation DES, and their inclusion may have affected the comparator group’s results.

Coronary arteries that need percutaneous intervention and are less than 3 mm in diameter constitute about a third of all target vessels, and they are especially common among women and in patients with diabetes, Dr. Jeger said. Despite this, women made up about a quarter of the study enrollment, and about a third had diabetes. He also noted that a key aspect of adopting the DCB approach into routine practice is that operators would need to have the “courage” to accept some amount of recoil and “minor” dissections after DCB treatment and not feel compelled to correct these with a stent.

Mitchel L. Zoler/MDedge News

Other features of the BASKET-SMALL 2 trial also have raised concerns about the immediate clinical implications of the results, said Roxana Mehran, MD, a professor of medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, and the congress’s designated discussant for the report.

The study began in 2012, which means it took more than 5 years to enroll and suggests that the study may have a selection bias. Dr. Mehran also questioned whether it was really a small vessel study, with an enrollment criterion of less than 3 mm in diameter. A future study should be done in “truly” small vessels, those thinner than 2.5 mm, she said.

Dr. Mehran agreed it’s attractive to speculate that, by using a DCB and avoiding stent placement, fewer patients will eventually have very-late adverse events, but this must be proven with longer follow-up and in larger numbers of patients, she said.

[email protected]

MUNICH – When treating de novo coronary stenoses in arteries thinner than 3 mm, drug-coated balloons (DCBs) performed virtually identically to conventional drug-eluting stents (DESs) for preventing the clinical consequences of restenosis during 12 months following coronary intervention, according to results from a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial.

Drug-coated balloons are already used to treat in-stent coronary restenosis. The findings of the current study establish the tested DCB as noninferior to a DES for treating coronary stenoses in narrow arteries less than 3 mm in diameter, Raban V. Jeger, MD, said at the annual congress of the European Society of Cardiology. The DCB approach avoids placing a metal stent in a narrow coronary and thus has no long-term risk for in-stent thrombosis, said Dr. Jeger, a professor of cardiology at Basel (Switzerland) University Hospital. Dr. Jeger acknowledged that the tested DCB is more expensive than the second-generation DES used as the comparator in most of the control patients, “but I think the benefit to patients is worth” the added cost, he said when discussing his report.

The BASKET-SMALL 2 (NCT01574534) study enrolled 758 patients at 14 centers in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. The trial limited enrollment to patients who were scheduled to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention for stenosis in a coronary artery that was at least 2.0 mm and less than 3.0 mm in diameter and had first undergone successful predilatation without any flow-limiting dissections or residual stenosis, a step in the DCB procedure that adds to the procedure’s cost.

The study randomized patients to treatment with either a balloon coated with paclitaxel/iopromide (SeQuent Please) or a DES. The first quarter of patients randomized into the DES arm received a first-generation, paclitaxel-eluting DES (Taxus Element); the remaining patients in the comparator arm received a second-generation everolimus-eluting DES (Xience). The DCB tested is not approved for U.S. marketing.

The primary endpoint was the combined rate of cardiac death, nonfatal MI, or target vessel revascularization during 12 months of follow-up. In the intention-to-treat analysis, this occurred in 7.33% of the DCB patients and in 7.45% of the DES patients, a difference that was not statistically significant and that met the prespecified criterion for noninferiority of the DCB. Concurrently with Dr. Jeger’s report at the congress, the results also appeared in an article published in The Lancet (Lancet. 2018 Sep 8;392[10190]:849-56).



One limitation of the study was that the first 25% of patients enrolled into the DES arm received a first-generation DES, while the remaining 75% received a second-generation device. Analysis of the primary endpoint by DES type showed that events occurred more than twice as often in the patients who received a first-generation DES, and their inclusion may have affected the comparator group’s results.

Coronary arteries that need percutaneous intervention and are less than 3 mm in diameter constitute about a third of all target vessels, and they are especially common among women and in patients with diabetes, Dr. Jeger said. Despite this, women made up about a quarter of the study enrollment, and about a third had diabetes. He also noted that a key aspect of adopting the DCB approach into routine practice is that operators would need to have the “courage” to accept some amount of recoil and “minor” dissections after DCB treatment and not feel compelled to correct these with a stent.

Mitchel L. Zoler/MDedge News

Other features of the BASKET-SMALL 2 trial also have raised concerns about the immediate clinical implications of the results, said Roxana Mehran, MD, a professor of medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, and the congress’s designated discussant for the report.

The study began in 2012, which means it took more than 5 years to enroll and suggests that the study may have a selection bias. Dr. Mehran also questioned whether it was really a small vessel study, with an enrollment criterion of less than 3 mm in diameter. A future study should be done in “truly” small vessels, those thinner than 2.5 mm, she said.

Dr. Mehran agreed it’s attractive to speculate that, by using a DCB and avoiding stent placement, fewer patients will eventually have very-late adverse events, but this must be proven with longer follow-up and in larger numbers of patients, she said.

[email protected]

CHICAGO – Home BP monitoring has proved its worth, and it’s now time to integrate it into health care and get insurers to pay for it, according to Hayden Bosworth, PhD, a population health sciences professor and health services researcher at Duke University, Durham, N.C.

The devices are on the shelves of pharmacies and discount stores nationwide, sometimes for less than $50, but what to do with them in the clinic hasn’t been worked out. It’s likely patients are soon going to want help interpreting the results, if they aren’t already, but a leap in technology has left clinicians and payors scratching their heads.

There’s more than enough evidence of benefit. Dr. Bosworth has been involved with several trials of home BP monitoring with good results. He was one of the many authors on a recent meta-analysis that found when patients check their BP at home, it can lead to a “clinically significant” reduction “which persists for at least 12 months” (PLoS Med. 2017 Sep 19;14[9]:e1002389).

“Are we talking about efficacy or proof of concept? I think we are beyond that. Now we have to think about how we put it into the system, how do we integrate it, what’s the best way of delivery. I think that’s where the future is,” he said in an interview at the joint scientific sessions of the American Heart Association Council on Hypertension, AHA Council on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, and American Society of Hypertension.

Home monitoring came up far more often at this year’s joint sessions than in 2017, which might indicate growing interest, but reimbursement remains a challenge. American Medical Association staff said at this year’s meeting that they are working with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services for coverage of the devices and their use. It seemed likely to them.

In the meantime, Dr. Bosworth had some useful advice for those who are thinking about incorporating home BP monitoring into their practices.

He shared his tips on how to pick out a device – there’s actually a journal called Blood Pressure Monitoring that can help – as well as his thoughts on how often people should monitor themselves and what to do with the numbers.

He envisions a future when patients routinely check their BP at home; it’s even possible they could adjust their medications based on the results, much like diabetes patients track their blood glucose and adjust their insulin. It’s been shown to work in Britain (JAMA. 2014 Aug 27;312[8]:799-808).

Dr. Bosworth reported no relevant disclosures.

[email protected]

CHICAGO – Home BP monitoring has proved its worth, and it’s now time to integrate it into health care and get insurers to pay for it, according to Hayden Bosworth, PhD, a population health sciences professor and health services researcher at Duke University, Durham, N.C.

The devices are on the shelves of pharmacies and discount stores nationwide, sometimes for less than $50, but what to do with them in the clinic hasn’t been worked out. It’s likely patients are soon going to want help interpreting the results, if they aren’t already, but a leap in technology has left clinicians and payors scratching their heads.

There’s more than enough evidence of benefit. Dr. Bosworth has been involved with several trials of home BP monitoring with good results. He was one of the many authors on a recent meta-analysis that found when patients check their BP at home, it can lead to a “clinically significant” reduction “which persists for at least 12 months” (PLoS Med. 2017 Sep 19;14[9]:e1002389).

“Are we talking about efficacy or proof of concept? I think we are beyond that. Now we have to think about how we put it into the system, how do we integrate it, what’s the best way of delivery. I think that’s where the future is,” he said in an interview at the joint scientific sessions of the American Heart Association Council on Hypertension, AHA Council on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, and American Society of Hypertension.

Home monitoring came up far more often at this year’s joint sessions than in 2017, which might indicate growing interest, but reimbursement remains a challenge. American Medical Association staff said at this year’s meeting that they are working with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services for coverage of the devices and their use. It seemed likely to them.

In the meantime, Dr. Bosworth had some useful advice for those who are thinking about incorporating home BP monitoring into their practices.

He shared his tips on how to pick out a device – there’s actually a journal called Blood Pressure Monitoring that can help – as well as his thoughts on how often people should monitor themselves and what to do with the numbers.

He envisions a future when patients routinely check their BP at home; it’s even possible they could adjust their medications based on the results, much like diabetes patients track their blood glucose and adjust their insulin. It’s been shown to work in Britain (JAMA. 2014 Aug 27;312[8]:799-808).

Dr. Bosworth reported no relevant disclosures.

[email protected]

CHICAGO – Home BP monitoring has proved its worth, and it’s now time to integrate it into health care and get insurers to pay for it, according to Hayden Bosworth, PhD, a population health sciences professor and health services researcher at Duke University, Durham, N.C.

The devices are on the shelves of pharmacies and discount stores nationwide, sometimes for less than $50, but what to do with them in the clinic hasn’t been worked out. It’s likely patients are soon going to want help interpreting the results, if they aren’t already, but a leap in technology has left clinicians and payors scratching their heads.

There’s more than enough evidence of benefit. Dr. Bosworth has been involved with several trials of home BP monitoring with good results. He was one of the many authors on a recent meta-analysis that found when patients check their BP at home, it can lead to a “clinically significant” reduction “which persists for at least 12 months” (PLoS Med. 2017 Sep 19;14[9]:e1002389).

“Are we talking about efficacy or proof of concept? I think we are beyond that. Now we have to think about how we put it into the system, how do we integrate it, what’s the best way of delivery. I think that’s where the future is,” he said in an interview at the joint scientific sessions of the American Heart Association Council on Hypertension, AHA Council on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, and American Society of Hypertension.

Home monitoring came up far more often at this year’s joint sessions than in 2017, which might indicate growing interest, but reimbursement remains a challenge. American Medical Association staff said at this year’s meeting that they are working with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services for coverage of the devices and their use. It seemed likely to them.

In the meantime, Dr. Bosworth had some useful advice for those who are thinking about incorporating home BP monitoring into their practices.

He shared his tips on how to pick out a device – there’s actually a journal called Blood Pressure Monitoring that can help – as well as his thoughts on how often people should monitor themselves and what to do with the numbers.

He envisions a future when patients routinely check their BP at home; it’s even possible they could adjust their medications based on the results, much like diabetes patients track their blood glucose and adjust their insulin. It’s been shown to work in Britain (JAMA. 2014 Aug 27;312[8]:799-808).

Dr. Bosworth reported no relevant disclosures.

[email protected]

Diets promoting colonic inflammation were associated with a greater risk of colorectal carcinomas containing Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteria, according to a report in the October issue of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

Courtesy American Gastroenterological Association

Proinflammatory diets were not linked to heightened risk for colon cancers without these bacteria, reported Li Liu, MD, PhD, of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston. “These findings indicate that diet-induced intestinal inflammation alters the gut microbiome to contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis,” they wrote. “Nutritional interventions might be used in precision medicine and cancer prevention.”

Intestinal inflammation, a risk factor for colorectal cancer, is associated with high levels of circulating interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor–receptor superfamily member 1B. Colonic inflammation impairs the mucosal barrier and alters immune cell responses, which affects the composition of colonic microbiota. Among these, F. nucleatum is known to potentiate colorectal tumors and is associated with proximal tumor location, other tumor features, and cancer progression and chemoresistance.

For the study, the investigators examined self-reported data from more than 124,000 individuals followed for 28 years as part of the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. They calculated average dietary patterns based on the empiric dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score, which sums weighted intake scores for 18 foods (such as red and processed meat, coffee, tea, and leafy green or dark yellow vegetables) that are known to affect plasma levels of interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor–receptor superfamily member 1B, and tumor necrosis factor alpha–receptor 2. A higher EDIP score denotes a more inflammatory diet.

During the 28-year follow-up period, 951 individuals developed colorectal carcinomas that were tested with a polymerase chain reaction assay for F. nucleatum DNA. A total of 115 tumors tested positive for F. nucleatum. After the researchers controlled for potential confounders, individuals whose EDIP scores were in the highest tertile were significantly more likely to develop F. nucleatum–positive colorectal cancer than were those who scored in the lowest tertile (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.58; P = .03). This differential association “appeared to be stronger in proximal colon cancer than in distal colon and rectal cancer,” the researchers said.

More than 90% of individuals in this study were non-Hispanic white, the researchers noted. Tumor tissue was not available from all cases of colorectal cancer and a fairly small number of cases tested positive for tumor F. nucleatum. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that an inflammatory diet could help amplify gut microbiota involved in tumorigenesis, they said. Pending confirmatory studies, they recommended an anti-inflammatory diet with high intake of green leafy vegetables, dark yellow vegetables, coffee, and tea, and with low intake of red meat, processed meat, refined grain, and sugary beverages. They also recommended studying whether F. nucleatum tumor or stool tests could help personalize dietary interventions.

Funders included the National Institutes of Health, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer, Project P. Fund for Colorectal Cancer Research, Friends of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Bennett Family Fund, the Entertainment Industry Foundation, and American Association for Cancer Research, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Scholarship Council, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and others. Dr. Liu had no disclosures. One coinvestigator disclosed ties to Genentech/Roche, Lilly, Sanofi, Bayer, and several other biomedical companies.

SOURCE: Liu L et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Apr 24. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.04.030.

Diets promoting colonic inflammation were associated with a greater risk of colorectal carcinomas containing Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteria, according to a report in the October issue of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

Courtesy American Gastroenterological Association

Proinflammatory diets were not linked to heightened risk for colon cancers without these bacteria, reported Li Liu, MD, PhD, of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston. “These findings indicate that diet-induced intestinal inflammation alters the gut microbiome to contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis,” they wrote. “Nutritional interventions might be used in precision medicine and cancer prevention.”

Intestinal inflammation, a risk factor for colorectal cancer, is associated with high levels of circulating interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor–receptor superfamily member 1B. Colonic inflammation impairs the mucosal barrier and alters immune cell responses, which affects the composition of colonic microbiota. Among these, F. nucleatum is known to potentiate colorectal tumors and is associated with proximal tumor location, other tumor features, and cancer progression and chemoresistance.

For the study, the investigators examined self-reported data from more than 124,000 individuals followed for 28 years as part of the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. They calculated average dietary patterns based on the empiric dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score, which sums weighted intake scores for 18 foods (such as red and processed meat, coffee, tea, and leafy green or dark yellow vegetables) that are known to affect plasma levels of interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor–receptor superfamily member 1B, and tumor necrosis factor alpha–receptor 2. A higher EDIP score denotes a more inflammatory diet.

During the 28-year follow-up period, 951 individuals developed colorectal carcinomas that were tested with a polymerase chain reaction assay for F. nucleatum DNA. A total of 115 tumors tested positive for F. nucleatum. After the researchers controlled for potential confounders, individuals whose EDIP scores were in the highest tertile were significantly more likely to develop F. nucleatum–positive colorectal cancer than were those who scored in the lowest tertile (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.58; P = .03). This differential association “appeared to be stronger in proximal colon cancer than in distal colon and rectal cancer,” the researchers said.

More than 90% of individuals in this study were non-Hispanic white, the researchers noted. Tumor tissue was not available from all cases of colorectal cancer and a fairly small number of cases tested positive for tumor F. nucleatum. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that an inflammatory diet could help amplify gut microbiota involved in tumorigenesis, they said. Pending confirmatory studies, they recommended an anti-inflammatory diet with high intake of green leafy vegetables, dark yellow vegetables, coffee, and tea, and with low intake of red meat, processed meat, refined grain, and sugary beverages. They also recommended studying whether F. nucleatum tumor or stool tests could help personalize dietary interventions.

Funders included the National Institutes of Health, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer, Project P. Fund for Colorectal Cancer Research, Friends of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Bennett Family Fund, the Entertainment Industry Foundation, and American Association for Cancer Research, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Scholarship Council, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and others. Dr. Liu had no disclosures. One coinvestigator disclosed ties to Genentech/Roche, Lilly, Sanofi, Bayer, and several other biomedical companies.

SOURCE: Liu L et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Apr 24. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.04.030.

Diets promoting colonic inflammation were associated with a greater risk of colorectal carcinomas containing Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteria, according to a report in the October issue of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

Courtesy American Gastroenterological Association

Proinflammatory diets were not linked to heightened risk for colon cancers without these bacteria, reported Li Liu, MD, PhD, of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston. “These findings indicate that diet-induced intestinal inflammation alters the gut microbiome to contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis,” they wrote. “Nutritional interventions might be used in precision medicine and cancer prevention.”

Intestinal inflammation, a risk factor for colorectal cancer, is associated with high levels of circulating interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor–receptor superfamily member 1B. Colonic inflammation impairs the mucosal barrier and alters immune cell responses, which affects the composition of colonic microbiota. Among these, F. nucleatum is known to potentiate colorectal tumors and is associated with proximal tumor location, other tumor features, and cancer progression and chemoresistance.

For the study, the investigators examined self-reported data from more than 124,000 individuals followed for 28 years as part of the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. They calculated average dietary patterns based on the empiric dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score, which sums weighted intake scores for 18 foods (such as red and processed meat, coffee, tea, and leafy green or dark yellow vegetables) that are known to affect plasma levels of interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor–receptor superfamily member 1B, and tumor necrosis factor alpha–receptor 2. A higher EDIP score denotes a more inflammatory diet.

During the 28-year follow-up period, 951 individuals developed colorectal carcinomas that were tested with a polymerase chain reaction assay for F. nucleatum DNA. A total of 115 tumors tested positive for F. nucleatum. After the researchers controlled for potential confounders, individuals whose EDIP scores were in the highest tertile were significantly more likely to develop F. nucleatum–positive colorectal cancer than were those who scored in the lowest tertile (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.58; P = .03). This differential association “appeared to be stronger in proximal colon cancer than in distal colon and rectal cancer,” the researchers said.

More than 90% of individuals in this study were non-Hispanic white, the researchers noted. Tumor tissue was not available from all cases of colorectal cancer and a fairly small number of cases tested positive for tumor F. nucleatum. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that an inflammatory diet could help amplify gut microbiota involved in tumorigenesis, they said. Pending confirmatory studies, they recommended an anti-inflammatory diet with high intake of green leafy vegetables, dark yellow vegetables, coffee, and tea, and with low intake of red meat, processed meat, refined grain, and sugary beverages. They also recommended studying whether F. nucleatum tumor or stool tests could help personalize dietary interventions.

Funders included the National Institutes of Health, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer, Project P. Fund for Colorectal Cancer Research, Friends of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Bennett Family Fund, the Entertainment Industry Foundation, and American Association for Cancer Research, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Scholarship Council, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and others. Dr. Liu had no disclosures. One coinvestigator disclosed ties to Genentech/Roche, Lilly, Sanofi, Bayer, and several other biomedical companies.

SOURCE: Liu L et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Apr 24. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.04.030.