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COPD Characteristics and Health Disparities
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Muhammad Adrish, MD, MBA, FCCP

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References

1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated February 22, 2021. Accessed May 30, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/copd/index.html

2. Stellefson M, Wang MQ, Kinder C. Racial disparities in health risk indicators reported by Alabamians diagnosed with COPD. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(18):9662. doi:10.3390/ ijerph18189662

3. Eisner MD, Blanc PD, Omachi TA, et al. Socioeconomic status, race and COPD health outcomes. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011;65(1):26-34. doi:10.1136/jech.2009.089722

4. Croft JB, Wheaton AG, Liu Y, et al. Urban-rural county and state differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(7):205- 211. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6707a1

5. Assari S, Chalian H, Bazargan M. Race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and chronic lung disease in the U.S. Res Health Sci. 2020;5(1):48-63. doi:10.22158/rhs.v5n1p48

6. Mamary AJ, Stewart JI, Kinney GL, et al. Race and gender disparities are evident in COPD underdiagnoses across all severities of measured airflow obstruction. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2018;5(3):177-184. doi:10.15326/jcopdf.5.3.2017.0145

7. Woo H, Brigham EP, Allbright K, et al. Racial segregation and respiratory outcomes among urban black residents with and at risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;204(5):536-545. doi:10.1164/rccm.202009- 3721OC

8. Hosseini M, Almasi-Hashiani A, Sepidarkish M, Maroufizadeh S. Global prevalence of asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):229. doi:10.1186/s12931-019-1198-4

9. Han MK, Agusti A, Celli BR, et al. From GOLD 0 to pre-COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(4):414-423. doi:10.1164/ rccm.202008-3328PP

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CHEST Physician
Author(s)
Muhammad Adrish, MD, MBA, FCCP
Author(s)
Muhammad Adrish, MD, MBA, FCCP

Click to view more from Pulmonology Data Trends 2022.

Click to view more from Pulmonology Data Trends 2022.

References

1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated February 22, 2021. Accessed May 30, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/copd/index.html

2. Stellefson M, Wang MQ, Kinder C. Racial disparities in health risk indicators reported by Alabamians diagnosed with COPD. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(18):9662. doi:10.3390/ ijerph18189662

3. Eisner MD, Blanc PD, Omachi TA, et al. Socioeconomic status, race and COPD health outcomes. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011;65(1):26-34. doi:10.1136/jech.2009.089722

4. Croft JB, Wheaton AG, Liu Y, et al. Urban-rural county and state differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(7):205- 211. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6707a1

5. Assari S, Chalian H, Bazargan M. Race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and chronic lung disease in the U.S. Res Health Sci. 2020;5(1):48-63. doi:10.22158/rhs.v5n1p48

6. Mamary AJ, Stewart JI, Kinney GL, et al. Race and gender disparities are evident in COPD underdiagnoses across all severities of measured airflow obstruction. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2018;5(3):177-184. doi:10.15326/jcopdf.5.3.2017.0145

7. Woo H, Brigham EP, Allbright K, et al. Racial segregation and respiratory outcomes among urban black residents with and at risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;204(5):536-545. doi:10.1164/rccm.202009- 3721OC

8. Hosseini M, Almasi-Hashiani A, Sepidarkish M, Maroufizadeh S. Global prevalence of asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):229. doi:10.1186/s12931-019-1198-4

9. Han MK, Agusti A, Celli BR, et al. From GOLD 0 to pre-COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(4):414-423. doi:10.1164/ rccm.202008-3328PP

References

1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated February 22, 2021. Accessed May 30, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/copd/index.html

2. Stellefson M, Wang MQ, Kinder C. Racial disparities in health risk indicators reported by Alabamians diagnosed with COPD. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(18):9662. doi:10.3390/ ijerph18189662

3. Eisner MD, Blanc PD, Omachi TA, et al. Socioeconomic status, race and COPD health outcomes. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011;65(1):26-34. doi:10.1136/jech.2009.089722

4. Croft JB, Wheaton AG, Liu Y, et al. Urban-rural county and state differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(7):205- 211. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6707a1

5. Assari S, Chalian H, Bazargan M. Race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and chronic lung disease in the U.S. Res Health Sci. 2020;5(1):48-63. doi:10.22158/rhs.v5n1p48

6. Mamary AJ, Stewart JI, Kinney GL, et al. Race and gender disparities are evident in COPD underdiagnoses across all severities of measured airflow obstruction. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2018;5(3):177-184. doi:10.15326/jcopdf.5.3.2017.0145

7. Woo H, Brigham EP, Allbright K, et al. Racial segregation and respiratory outcomes among urban black residents with and at risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;204(5):536-545. doi:10.1164/rccm.202009- 3721OC

8. Hosseini M, Almasi-Hashiani A, Sepidarkish M, Maroufizadeh S. Global prevalence of asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):229. doi:10.1186/s12931-019-1198-4

9. Han MK, Agusti A, Celli BR, et al. From GOLD 0 to pre-COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(4):414-423. doi:10.1164/ rccm.202008-3328PP

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COPD Characteristics and Health Disparities
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An estimated 16 million Americans have been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States.1 Many of the health disparities in COPD diagnosis and care stem from the usual suspects: racial and ethnic barriers, lack of access, and socioeconomic burdens. Overall, COPD affects about 6.1% of Black Americans and 6.3% of non-Hispanic White Americans.2

However, while lower education and income are generally associated with poorer outcomes, Black and Hispanic patients with COPD who are highly educated and who have high incomes still show worse health status than their White counterparts.3 Incidence of COPD also varies by region, with rural states such as Alabama, Arkansas, and Kentucky having some of the highest rates.2,4  These inequalities support the need for continued research to address the varying health behaviors, comorbidities, and systemic barriers causing disparities for Black and Hispanic patients with COPD.

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